this is a condition where the lungs become filled with fluid often due to heart failure making it difficult to breathe
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

1. What is the condition where the lungs become filled with fluid, often due to heart failure, making it difficult to breathe?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pulmonary edema is the correct answer. It occurs when fluid fills the lungs, usually due to heart failure, leading to breathing difficulties. Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid around the lungs, not inside. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, and pneumothorax is the presence of air between the lung and chest wall.

2. Which of the following is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by the irreversible obstruction of airflow?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic respiratory disease where the airflow in the lungs becomes obstructed, making it difficult to breathe. Choice B, Asthma, is a different chronic respiratory condition characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Choice C, Pulmonary edema, is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing but not irreversible airflow obstruction. Choice D, Bronchiectasis, is a condition characterized by abnormal widening of the bronchial tubes, leading to recurrent respiratory infections, but it is not specifically defined by irreversible airflow obstruction.

3. What type of medication is used to relax the muscles around the airways and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways, improving airflow and making breathing easier for patients with asthma or COPD. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs used to reduce airway inflammation, while mucolytics help in thinning and clearing mucus. Antihistamines are used to treat allergies and not specifically to improve breathing in conditions like asthma or COPD.

4. Which term refers to a condition where the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often referred to as a heart attack?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often by a blood clot. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat, stroke involves the interruption of blood flow to the brain, and an aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel.

5. The client on enoxaparin (Lovenox) is scheduled for surgery. What is the nurse’s priority action?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the enoxaparin and notify the healthcare provider. Enoxaparin, being an anticoagulant, should be held before surgery to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding during the procedure. It is crucial to inform the healthcare provider to determine the appropriate management plan. Choice B is incorrect because administering enoxaparin before surgery can increase the risk of bleeding. Choice C is incorrect as vitamin K administration is not typically indicated in this situation. Choice D is incorrect because monitoring the client's INR and proceeding with surgery without addressing the enoxaparin can lead to significant bleeding complications.

Similar Questions

Which of the following is a central vasoconstrictor and peripheral vasodilator?
The nurse is giving the client digoxin for heart failure and recognizes that the drug has what type of effect on the heart?
What is the term for inflammation of the bronchial tubes, often leading to a persistent cough and mucus production?
The client on amiodarone reports shortness of breath. What is the nurse’s best response?
This medication type is used to relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure.

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