ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers
1. Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that __________.
- A. change in response to influential experiences is possible
- B. heredity, rather than the environment, influences behavior
- C. individuals who are high in anxiety as children will remain so at later ages
- D. early experiences establish a lifelong pattern of behavior
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that change in response to influential experiences is possible. They argue that individuals have the capacity to adapt and change their behavior based on their experiences, rather than being limited by genetic predispositions or early childhood experiences. This perspective highlights the importance of environmental influences in shaping behavior and development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the concept of plasticity, which emphasizes the flexibility and adaptability of individuals in response to their experiences, rather than being fixed by heredity, childhood traits, or early experiences.
2. Which symptoms are associated with cancer of the colon?
- A. constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool
- B. diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation
- C. blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools
- D. anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct symptoms associated with cancer of the colon are blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools. These symptoms are classic indicators of colorectal cancer. Choices A, B, and D do not typically present in colorectal cancer. Constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool are more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions. Diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation are not typical symptoms of colon cancer. Anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis are more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues and not specific to colon cancer.
3. Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
- A. Cigarette smoking
- B. Occupational exposure
- C. Air pollution
- D. Genetic abnormalities
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.
4. What is the primary nursing action for a patient experiencing continuous bubbling in the chest tube water seal chamber?
- A. Tighten the connections of the chest tube system
- B. Clamp the chest tube
- C. Continue monitoring the chest tube
- D. Replace the chest tube system
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to tighten the connections of the chest tube system. Continuous bubbling in the chest tube water seal chamber indicates an air leak. By tightening the connections of the chest tube system, the nurse can often resolve the issue by ensuring there are no loose connections allowing air to enter. Clamping the chest tube or replacing the chest tube system are not appropriate actions in this situation. Clamping the tube can cause a dangerous buildup of pressure, while replacing the system should only be considered if tightening the connections does not resolve the air leak.
5. A school nurse is meeting with a high school student who mentions that she is frustrated with her repeated outbreaks of cold sores. The student states that she tried an over-the-counter topical cream but that it failed to produce an appreciable improvement. The nurse should recognize that this student used what medication?
- A. Ganciclovir
- B. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
- C. Famciclovir (Famvir)
- D. Docosanol (Abreva)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Docosanol (Abreva). Docosanol is an over-the-counter topical cream commonly used to treat cold sores caused by the herpes simplex virus. It works by inhibiting viral fusion to host cell membranes, reducing the spread of the virus. Ganciclovir (Choice A) is an antiviral medication used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections. Valacyclovir (Choice B) and Famciclovir (Choice C) are prescription antiviral medications used to treat herpes simplex virus infections but are not typically available over-the-counter like Docosanol.
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