ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System Test
1. The student nurse is teaching the family of a patient with liver failure. You instruct them to limit which foods in the patient’s diet?
- A. Meats and beans.
- B. Butter and gravies.
- C. Potatoes and pastas.
- D. Cakes and pastries.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: For a patient with liver failure, it is important to limit the intake of meats and beans to reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.
2. What is the earliest age at which a satisfactory radial pulse can be taken in children?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 3 years
- D. 6 years
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A satisfactory radial pulse can typically be taken starting at around 3 years of age, as younger children often have pulses that are too fast and irregular for accurate measurement.
3. Which test measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs?
- A. Spirometry
- B. Peak flow meter
- C. Lung volume test
- D. Arterial blood gas
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Spirometry. Spirometry is a common pulmonary function test that measures lung function by assessing the amount (volume) and speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. This test helps in diagnosing conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases. Peak flow meter (choice B) measures the maximum speed at which a person can exhale air, mainly used in asthma management. Lung volume test (choice C) evaluates the total amount of air the lungs can hold. Arterial blood gas (choice D) measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, providing information on how well the lungs are functioning in gas exchange, but it does not specifically measure the amount and speed of air movement in and out of the lungs like spirometry does.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of the effectiveness of the treatment?
- A. Respiratory rate of 24/min
- B. White blood cell count of 15,000/mm3
- C. SpO2 of 95%
- D. Clear breath sounds
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Clear breath sounds are an essential indicator of effective pneumonia treatment as they suggest resolution of the lung infection. A normal respiratory rate (A) indicates adequate breathing but does not directly reflect the effectiveness of pneumonia treatment. An elevated white blood cell count (B) is a sign of infection and may not decrease immediately with treatment. While maintaining an SpO2 of 95% (C) is crucial for oxygenation, it may not directly indicate the effectiveness of pneumonia treatment.
5. During a respiratory assessment, the nurse is determining respirations per minute. Which factor(s) generally affect the character of respirations? Select all that apply.
- A. Anxiety
- B. Exercise
- C. Smoking
- D. A, B
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Anxiety and exercise can significantly alter the character of respirations, increasing the rate and depth. Smoking primarily affects the health of the respiratory system in the long term but may not immediately impact the character of respirations. Therefore, choice C is incorrect. Choices A and B are correct as anxiety and exercise can lead to changes in the rate and depth of respirations.
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