Nursing Elites

1. The patient asks the nurse if he will die if air bubbles get into the IV tubing. What is the nurse's best response?

• A. The system is closed, and that scenario is highly unlikely.
• B. Only relatively large volumes of air administered rapidly are dangerous.
• C. There is a risk of complications associated with IV administration.
• D. You have been influenced by movies too much.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because air emboli are more commonly associated with central vein access. Usually, only relatively large volumes of air administered rapidly are dangerous. It is a significant concern when air enters a central venous access line. Choice A is incorrect as it downplays the risk and is not entirely accurate. Choice C is too general and does not specifically address the patient's concern. Choice D is dismissive and does not provide any relevant information regarding the risk of air bubbles in IV tubing.

2. The renin and angiotensin systems help to maintain the balance of sodium and water in the body. What other functions do these systems serve?

• A. Regulating hemoglobin levels
• B. Maintaining a healthy blood volume
• C. Releasing platelets when tissues are injured
• D. Lowering blood volumes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintaining a healthy blood volume. The renin and angiotensin systems not only help to regulate sodium and water balance in the body but also play a crucial role in maintaining an adequate blood volume. This is essential for normal blood pressure regulation and overall cardiovascular health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin levels are primarily regulated by the bone marrow and erythropoietin, platelets are released in response to blood vessel injury by a different mechanism, and the systems do not focus on lowering blood volumes but rather on maintaining them.

3. A 65-year-old male patient was admitted to a medical-surgical unit 72 hours ago with pyloric stenosis; a nasogastric tube was inserted upon admission and has been on low intermittent suction since then. The nurse taking care of the patient notices that his potassium is very low and becomes concerned that the patient may be at risk for:

• A. Hypercalcemia
• B. Metabolic acidosis
• C. Metabolic alkalosis
• D. Respiratory acidosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, metabolic alkalosis. The patient with pyloric stenosis has been on low intermittent suction, leading to the loss of hydrogen and chloride ions. This condition causes metabolic alkalosis due to the removal of these ions. Options A (Hypercalcemia) and D (Respiratory acidosis) are incorrect as they are not directly related to the scenario described. Option B (Metabolic acidosis) is also incorrect; in this case, the patient is at risk of metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of hydrogen and chloride ions through gastric suction.

4. A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed furosemide (Lasix) for hypertension. For which acid-base imbalance should the nurse assess to prevent complications of this therapy?

• A. Respiratory acidosis
• B. Respiratory alkalosis
• C. Metabolic acidosis
• D. Metabolic alkalosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a 90-second tonic-clonic seizure. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 6.88, PaO2 50 mm Hg, PaCO2 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse take first?

• A. . Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
• B. Apply a paper bag over the clients nose and mouth.
• C. Administer 50 mL of sodium bicarbonate intravenously.
• D. Administer 50 mL of 20% glucose and 20 units of regular insulin.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

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