the nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure what laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find select all that apply

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

A. Hyponatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. All are applicable
D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.

2. At which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

A. 1 month
B. 2 months
C. 3 months
D. 4 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Infants typically begin to smile in response to pleasurable stimuli by 2 months, which is an early sign of social interaction and emotional development.

3. The nurse is aware that skin turgor best estimates what?

A. Perfusion
B. Adequate hydration
C. Amount of body fat
D. Amount of anemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin turgor is a quick and simple way to assess hydration status. Poor skin turgor can indicate dehydration.

4. What intervention is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child?

A. Administer oxygen
B. Apply cold compresses
C. Restrict fluids
D. Encourage bed rest

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child as it helps to prevent further sickling of cells. Oxygen therapy can improve oxygen saturation levels, reducing the risk of tissue damage and complications. Applying cold compresses (choice B) is not recommended as it can potentially worsen vaso-occlusive crisis by causing vasoconstriction. Restricting fluids (choice C) is not appropriate as hydration is essential to prevent dehydration and maintain adequate blood flow. Encouraging bed rest (choice D) may be necessary but administering oxygen takes precedence in managing a sickle cell crisis.

5. Which immunization is typically administered at birth?

A. Hepatitis B
B. DTaP
C. MMR
D. Varicella

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given at birth to protect against hepatitis B, a virus that can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. This vaccination is crucial for newborns, especially those born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DTaP (B), MMR (C), and Varicella (D) vaccines are not typically administered at birth. DTaP is given in a series starting at 2 months, MMR is usually given around 12-15 months, and Varicella is given between 12-15 months of age.