the nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure what laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find select all that apply

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

A. Hyponatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. All are applicable
D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.

2. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?

A. Description of potential risk factors
B. Identification of actual health problems
C. Human response to state of illness or health
D. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Signs and symptoms are cues and clusters derived from patient assessments that are used to form a nursing diagnosis, guiding the development of a care plan.

3. A thorough systemic physical assessment is necessary in the extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infant to detect what?

A. Weight gain reflective of fluid retention
B. Difficulties in maternal-child attachment
C. Subtle changes that may be indicative of an underlying problem
D. Changes in Apgar score over the first 24 hours of life

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants, a thorough systemic physical assessment is crucial to detect subtle changes that may indicate an underlying problem. These infants are highly vulnerable and may show signs of stress through changes in feeding behavior, activity, color, oxygen saturation, or vital signs. Monitoring weight in ELBW infants primarily reflects genitourinary function rather than fluid retention. Difficulties in maternal-child attachment are important but are usually assessed during parental visits and are not the primary focus of a systemic physical assessment. Changes in the Apgar score are used immediately after birth to assess the transition to extrauterine life and are not as relevant in the following 24 hours to detect ongoing subtle issues.

4. The nurse is planning an educational session for a group of 9-year-olds and their parents aimed at decreasing injuries and accidents among this age group. Which topics should be included in the educational session to accomplish the goal?

A. Safety rules when dealing with fire to prevent burns.
B. Safety rules when dealing with toxic substances to prevent poisonings.
C. Pedestrian, motor vehicle, and bike safety rules.
D. Safety information regarding the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For school-aged children, pedestrian, motor vehicle, and bike safety are critical areas to focus on as accidents involving these are common in this age group. Education about fire safety and toxic substances is also important, but the priority is on preventing accidents in everyday activities. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are not the most relevant for addressing the goal of decreasing injuries and accidents in this age group.