the nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure what laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find select all that apply

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

A. Hyponatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. All are applicable
D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.

2. What is the typical presentation of pyloric stenosis in infants?

A. Bilious vomiting
B. Projectile vomiting
C. Blood in stools
D. Failure to thrive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.

3. The nurse is teaching a nursing student about standard precautions. Which statement made by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

A. I will use precautions when I give an infant oral care
B. I will use precautions when I change an infant's diaper
C. I will use precautions when I come in contact with blood and body fluids
D. I will use precautions when administering oral medications to a school-age child

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Standard precautions are necessary when dealing with blood, body fluids, and potentially infectious materials. They are not required for routine administration of oral medications unless there is a potential exposure risk.

4. What is a common cause of acquired aplastic anemia in children?

A. Deficient diet
B. Ingestion of drugs such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics
C. Congenital defects
D. Injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Acquired aplastic anemia in children is often caused by exposure to certain drugs, such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics, which can lead to bone marrow failure and a decrease in all types of blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because aplastic anemia is not commonly caused by deficient diet, congenital defects, or injury in children.

5. What is the first sign of puberty in boys?

A. Enlargement of testes
B. Decreased levels of testosterone
C. Voice deepening
D. Pubic hair

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first sign of puberty in boys is typically the enlargement of the testes. This is due to the increase in production of testosterone, which leads to physical changes such as growth of the testes. Choice B, decreased levels of testosterone, is incorrect as puberty is marked by an increase in testosterone levels. Choice C, voice deepening, and choice D, pubic hair growth, usually occur later in the puberty process compared to testicular enlargement, making them incorrect answers.