Nursing Elites

1. The nurse needs to take the blood pressure of a small child. Of the cuffs available, one is too large and one is too small. The best nursing action is which?

• A. Use the small cuff
• B. Use the large cuff
• C. Use either cuff using the palpation method
• D. Wait to take the blood pressure until a proper cuff can be located

Correct answer: D

Rationale: It is essential to use the correct cuff size for accurate blood pressure readings; if the proper size is not available, it's best to wait until it can be obtained.

2. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?

• A. Adenovirus
• B. Influenza virus
• C. Respiratory syncytial virus
• D. Parainfluenza virus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory condition in infants that results in inflammation of the small airways in the lung. It is highly contagious and can cause severe respiratory distress in young children, particularly those under 2 years old. Choice A, Adenovirus, is not the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Choice B, Influenza virus, may cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Parainfluenza virus, can cause croup and other upper respiratory infections but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis in infants.

3. The nurse is planning an educational session with a group of school-age children. Which primary task from Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development should be addressed?

• A. Establishing trust in others
• B. Developing a sense of autonomy
• C. Developing a sense of industry
• D. Establishing a sense of identity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, school-age children typically focus on developing a sense of industry. This stage, occurring during middle childhood, involves the desire to feel competent and productive in their skills and abilities. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because establishing trust in others (A) is related to the first stage of Erikson's theory (trust vs. mistrust) which occurs in infancy, developing a sense of autonomy (B) is linked to the second stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) which occurs in early childhood, and establishing a sense of identity (D) is associated with the fifth stage (identity vs. role confusion) which occurs in adolescence.

4. What is often the initial sign of acute rheumatic fever in children?

• A. Polyarthritis
• B. Carditis
• C. Erythema marginatum
• D. Sydenham chorea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Polyarthritis is indeed frequently the initial sign of acute rheumatic fever in children. It presents as joint pain, swelling, and redness. Carditis (inflammation of the heart), Erythema marginatum (a skin rash), and Sydenham chorea (involuntary muscle movements) are typically seen in the later stages of acute rheumatic fever and not as the initial sign.

5. What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Glomerulonephritis
• C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• D. Sepsis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. While dehydration can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury, it is not the most common cause in children. Glomerulonephritis is a common cause of chronic kidney disease but not typically the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. Sepsis can lead to acute kidney injury, but in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome is more prevalent.

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