ATI RN
Oncology Questions
1. The nurse is teaching a client about the risk factors associated with colorectal cancer. The nurse determines that further teaching is necessary related to colorectal cancer if the client identifies which item as an associated risk factor?
- A. Age younger than 50 years
- B. History of colorectal polyps
- C. Family history of colorectal cancer
- D. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Age younger than 50 years. Colorectal cancer is more commonly diagnosed in individuals over the age of 50, so being younger than 50 is not typically considered a significant risk factor. Choice B, history of colorectal polyps, is a known risk factor as polyps can develop into cancer over time. Choice C, family history of colorectal cancer, is a well-established risk factor due to genetic predisposition. Choice D, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Therefore, the incorrect choice is A as age younger than 50 years is not a common risk factor for colorectal cancer.
2. A client has a new prescription for Levodopa/Carbidopa for Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase intake of protein-rich foods.
- B. Expect muscle twitching to occur.
- C. Take this medication with food.
- D. Anticipate relief of manifestations in 24 hours.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to take Levodopa/Carbidopa with food. Taking this medication with food helps reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Instructing the client to take the medication with food promotes better tolerance and absorption of the drug. Choice A is incorrect because increasing protein-rich foods is not specifically related to the administration of this medication. Choice B is incorrect as muscle twitching is not a common side effect of Levodopa/Carbidopa. Choice D is incorrect because relief of manifestations may take longer than 24 hours to occur.
3. A client at 14 weeks gestation reports feelings of ambivalence about being pregnant. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Describe your feelings to me about being pregnant.
- B. You should discuss your feelings with your provider.
- C. Have you discussed these feelings with your partner?
- D. When did you start having these feelings?
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is to use open-ended questions that allow the client to explore and express their feelings. Choice A encourages the client to describe their feelings, fostering open communication and providing an opportunity for the client to express themselves freely. Choices B and C do not directly address the client's feelings and may not promote open communication. Choice D focuses on the timing of the feelings rather than exploring the feelings themselves, making it a less therapeutic response.
4. The nurse is teaching a client with debilitating rheumatoid arthritis about home safety. Which statement should the nurse include?
- A. “My grandfather always had problems with his arthritis, and he would tell me that it is better to be more stoic and not let pain interrupt your life”
- B. “There are many adaptive devices such as grab bars, reaching tools, grasping devices, and adaptive silverware available that may help you.”
- C. “Place throw rugs throughout your home. You will enjoy how pretty they are, and you can use them to cover up power cords, so you do not trip on them.”
- D. “Lack of home safety may be an issue of compliance. Are you being compliant with your medication?”
Correct answer: “There are many adaptive devices such as grab bars, reaching tools, grasping devices, and adaptive silverware available that may help you.”
Rationale: The correct answer is B. This statement is the most appropriate because it focuses on providing practical solutions to enhance the client's safety at home while managing rheumatoid arthritis. Adaptive devices like grab bars, reaching tools, grasping devices, and adaptive silverware can help the client maintain independence and prevent accidents. Choice A is incorrect as it does not provide practical advice on home safety but rather a personal anecdote. Choice C is incorrect as throw rugs can pose a tripping hazard instead of enhancing safety. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not directly address home safety measures but rather shifts the focus to medication compliance.
5. An emergency department nurse is triaging a 77-year-old man who presents with uncharacteristic fatigue as well as back and rib pain. The patient denies any recent injuries. The nurse should recognize the need for this patient to be assessed for what health problem?
- A. Hodgkin disease
- B. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- C. Multiple myeloma
- D. Acute thrombocythemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is multiple myeloma (choice C). Back pain is a common presenting symptom in multiple myeloma, especially in older patients. This malignancy can lead to bone pain due to bone destruction and fractures. Hodgkin disease (choice A) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (choice B) typically present with symptoms like painless lymph node enlargement, fever, and weight loss. Acute thrombocythemia (choice D) is characterized by an increase in platelet count but is not typically associated with the symptoms described by the patient.
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