ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed, as-needed antiemetic drug for a child diagnosed with cancer. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Administering the drug only if the child is nauseated.
- B. Administering the drug prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy.
- C. Administering the drug after the next dose of chemotherapy.
- D. Administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering the antiemetic prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy is the most appropriate action. This approach helps prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Waiting until the child is already nauseated, as stated in option A, is less effective as it is reactive rather than proactive. Administering the drug after chemotherapy, as in option C, may not be as beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Option D, administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea, is not relevant to the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea.
2. Which muscle is contraindicated for the administration of immunizations in infants and young children?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Ventrogluteal
- D. Anterolateral thigh
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The dorsogluteal muscle is contraindicated for immunizations in infants and young children due to the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve. The anterolateral thigh is the preferred site.
3. A parent of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux asks how to decrease the number and total volume of emesis. What recommendation should the nurse include in teaching this parent?
- A. Surgical therapy is indicated.
- B. Place the infant in a prone position for sleep after feeding.
- C. Thicken feedings and enlarge the nipple hole.
- D. Reduce the frequency of feeding by encouraging larger volumes of formula.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct recommendation for decreasing the number and total volume of emesis in an infant with gastroesophageal reflux is to thicken feedings and enlarge the nipple hole. Thicker feedings can reduce the frequency and volume of emesis by making the food less likely to be regurgitated. Enlarging the nipple hole helps ensure the thickened feedings can pass through. Surgical therapy (Choice A) is not the initial recommendation for managing gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Placing the infant in a prone position for sleep after feeding (Choice B) is not recommended due to the increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Reducing the frequency of feeding by encouraging larger volumes of formula (Choice D) can exacerbate the reflux symptoms.
4. Play activities of the preschool-age child include:
- A. Having imaginary playmates
- B. Selective collection of objects
- C. Complex board games
- D. Associative play
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Having imaginary playmates.' Preschool-age children often engage in imaginative play, which includes creating imaginary friends or playmates. This type of play helps them develop creativity, social skills, and emotional expression. Choice B, 'Selective collection of objects,' may be more common in older children and is not a typical play activity for preschoolers. Choice C, 'Complex board games,' are usually beyond the developmental level of preschoolers as they require more advanced cognitive skills. Choice D, 'Associative play,' is a term used to describe a type of play where children play alongside each other but not necessarily together, which is different from the imaginative play involving imaginary playmates that preschoolers often engage in.
5. What is a common sign of moderate dehydration in children?
- A. Dry mucous membranes
- B. Normal capillary refill
- C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
- D. Edema
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a common sign of moderate dehydration in children, indicating a loss of bodily fluids. When a child is moderately dehydrated, the mucous membranes in the mouth and nose may appear dry. This condition can occur due to various factors such as vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake. Normal capillary refill (choice B) is not typically associated with dehydration; it is a measure of circulatory status. Hyperactive bowel sounds (choice C) can be present in conditions like gastroenteritis but are not specific to dehydration. Edema (choice D) is the retention of fluid in the body and is not a typical sign of dehydration.