Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is performing an oral examination on a preschool child. Which strategies should the nurse use to encourage the child to open the mouth for the examination? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Lightly brush the palate with a cotton swab
• B. Perform the examination in front of a mirror
• C. Let the child examine someone else's mouth first
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Using a cotton swab, allowing the child to observe, and demonstrating on someone else are effective ways to encourage a preschooler to open their mouth for examination.

2. How is family systems theory best described?

• A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
• B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
• C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
• D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.

3. According to Piaget, which principle supports a nine-year-old child's understanding that an arm will look the same when the IV is removed?

• A. The principle of conservation
• B. The principle of transductive reasoning
• C. The principle of identity
• D. The principle of reflex abilities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the principle of conservation. Piaget's principle of conservation relates to a child's ability to understand that certain properties of objects remain unchanged despite modifications in their appearance. In this case, the child's understanding that an arm will look the same after the IV is removed demonstrates conservation of appearance. Choice B, transductive reasoning, involves making faulty generalizations based on specific instances and does not apply in this context. Choice C, the principle of identity, pertains to recognizing objects as the same even if they undergo transformations, which is not directly relevant to the scenario. Choice D, reflex abilities, refers to automatic responses to stimuli and is unrelated to the child's understanding of the arm's appearance post-IV removal.

4. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third leading cause of death?

• A. Preschoolers
• B. Young school age
• C. Middle school age
• D. Late school age and adolescents

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Suicide is the third leading cause of death in late school-age children and adolescents, requiring careful assessment for ideation in these age groups.

5. The nurse is teaching a group of new nursing graduates about identifiable qualities of strong families that help them function effectively. Which quality should be included in the teaching?

• A. Lack of congruence among family members
• B. Clear set of family values, rules, and beliefs
• C. Adoption of one coping strategy that always promotes positive functioning in dealing with life events
• D. Sense of commitment toward growth of individual family members as opposed to that of the family unit

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Strong families have a clear set of values, rules, and beliefs that guide their interactions and help them function effectively as a unit.

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