the nurse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of nursing students which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

1. The nurse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of nursing students. Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning?

A. Purposeful and goal-directed
B. A simple developmental process
C. Based on deliberate and irrational thought
D. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Clinical reasoning is purposeful and goal-directed, involving the use of critical thinking and decision-making skills to provide effective patient care.

2. What is an important consideration in understanding the reactions of parents when their infant is born with physical defects?

A. Grief lasts until the defects are repaired.
B. Denial is a common adaptive reaction.
C. The psychologic reaction is similar to that with the death of an infant.
D. Reactions of health professionals to the birth of an infant can affect parents’ reactions.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a parent's infant is born with physical defects, understanding the psychological reactions is crucial. The reaction is often similar to the grief experienced when facing the death of a child. Parents need to grieve for the loss of the expected child and adapt to the needs of a child with physical defects. The grief process typically involves stages like shock, frustration, and anger, which can last for years. Denial during the shock phase is not maladaptive but can help parents cope initially. Additionally, parents are sensitive to the behavior of health professionals, whose interactions can significantly influence the parents' reactions to the infant. Therefore, recognizing the similarity of the psychological reaction to grief is an important consideration in understanding how parents cope with their infant's physical defects.

3. The nurse needs to take the blood pressure of a small child. Of the cuffs available, one is too large and one is too small. The best nursing action is which?

A. Use the small cuff
B. Use the large cuff
C. Use either cuff using the palpation method
D. Wait to take the blood pressure until a proper cuff can be located

Correct answer: D

Rationale: It is essential to use the correct cuff size for accurate blood pressure readings; if the proper size is not available, it's best to wait until it can be obtained.

4. Why is knowledge of developmental theories useful for the nurse?

A. Allows the nurse to know exactly what to do when caring for pediatric patients
B. Is predictable and aids in controlling the child’s development
C. Is a set of facts that each child follows in a prescribed method
D. Provides a framework to guide the nurse in caring for the patient

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Understanding developmental theories helps nurses anticipate and plan appropriate care based on the child’s developmental stage. Choice A is incorrect because developmental theories provide a framework but do not dictate exact actions. Choice B is incorrect as developmental processes are not entirely predictable and are not meant to control a child’s development. Choice C is incorrect as developmental theories are not a strict set of facts that all children follow in a prescribed manner, but rather guidelines for understanding and supporting a child's growth and development.

5. What is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children?

A. Sepsis
B. Blood loss
C. Anaphylaxis
D. Heart failure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypovolemic shock in children is most frequently caused by blood loss, which can result from trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Sepsis and anaphylaxis can lead to different types of shock (septic and anaphylactic), and heart failure is related to cardiogenic shock.