ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System
1. The nurse is caring for a client who has had a gastroscopy. Which of the following symptoms may indicate that the client is developing a complication related to the procedure? Select all that apply.
- A. The client complains of a sore throat
- B. The client has a temperature of 100*F
- C. The client appears drowsy following the procedure
- D. The client complains of epigastric pain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A temperature of 100°F, epigastric pain, and hematemesis are signs that may indicate a complication related to the gastroscopy procedure.
2. When reviewing the purpose/action of neurotransmitters as they interact with different receptors, the nursing instructor gives an example using acetylcholine. When acetylcholine is released at the sinoatrial node in the right atrium of the heart, it is:
- A. positively charged.
- B. inhibitory.
- C. overstimulated.
- D. dormant.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Acetylcholine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter at the sinoatrial node. It slows down the heart rate by decreasing the firing rate of the sinoatrial node, which serves as the heart's natural pacemaker. Neurotransmitters do not have a charge, so choice A is incorrect. Choice C is wrong as overstimulation is not a characteristic of acetylcholine at the sinoatrial node. Choice D is also incorrect because acetylcholine actively influences heart rate regulation when released at the sinoatrial node.
3. Undercontrolled behavior tends to be seen in American children, whereas overcontrolled behavior is seen in Thai children.
- A. Aggressive behavior; calm behavior
- B. Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior
- C. Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior
- D. Equal behavioral traits in both cultures.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior.' The question highlights a cultural difference in behavior tendencies between American and Thai children. American children are usually characterized by undercontrolled behavior, while Thai children tend to exhibit overcontrolled behavior. Choice A (Aggressive behavior; calm behavior) is incorrect as the question does not mention aggressive or calm behavior as the contrasting traits between the two groups. Choice B (Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior) is incorrect because the described behavior patterns are reversed based on the question's context. Choice D (Equal behavioral traits in both cultures) is incorrect as the question explicitly states differing behavior patterns in American and Thai children.
4. A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) program would address which element of food service?
- A. cleaning and disinfecting of utensils
- B. developing healthy menus
- C. controlling patient calorie intake
- D. prescribing diets for patients with swallowing problems
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs are designed to ensure food safety by identifying and controlling potential hazards. This includes addressing the cleaning and disinfecting of utensils to prevent contamination and maintain safe food handling practices. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because HACCP primarily focuses on preventing food safety hazards rather than developing menus, controlling calorie intake, or prescribing diets for specific medical conditions.
5. A client has a new prescription for Metoprolol to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Stop taking the medication if your heart rate is below 70/min.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Avoid sudden changes in position.
- D. Increase your fluid intake while taking this medication.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting Metoprolol is to avoid sudden changes in position. Metoprolol can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness and falls if the client changes positions quickly. By advising the client to make position changes slowly, the nurse helps prevent these adverse effects and promotes safety.
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