Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child. Which assessment finding would the nurse identify as abnormal?

• A. Pedals tricycle without assistance
• B. Unscrews a bolt on a toy
• C. Falls when bending over to touch toes
• D. Builds a tower of 10 cubes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Falling when bending over to touch toes could indicate a developmental delay or a balance issue that may need further assessment. Choices A, B, and D are typical developmental milestones for a 3-year-old child. Pedaling a tricycle without assistance, unscrewing a bolt on a toy, and building a tower of 10 cubes are all age-appropriate activities for a child of this age.

2. At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection?

• A. Developmentally appropriate toys
• B. Nutritious snacks served to the children
• C. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes
• D. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ensuring that providers practice proper handwashing after diaper changes is crucial in preventing the spread of infections and maintaining a hygienic environment for the infants.

3. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a child diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome to decrease proteinuria?

• A. Albumin
• B. Prednisone
• C. Penicillin
• D. Furosemide (Lasix)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is the primary treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome as it helps to reduce inflammation in the kidneys and decrease proteinuria by stabilizing the glomerular filtration barrier. Albumin is a protein replacement therapy and would not directly decrease proteinuria. Penicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections and is not used to manage Nephrotic Syndrome. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps in managing fluid retention but does not specifically target proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome.

4. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?

• A. Heart disease
• B. Childhood cancer
• C. Unintentional injuries
• D. Congenital anomalies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among children older than 1 year in the United States.

5. A child with acute glomerulonephritis is in the playroom and experiences blurred vision and a headache. What action should the nurse take?

• A. Check the urine to see if hematuria has increased.
• B. Obtain the child's blood pressure and notify the healthcare provider.
• C. Obtain serum electrolytes and send urinalysis to the laboratory.
• D. Reassure the child and encourage bed rest until the headache improves.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Blurred vision and headache in a child with acute glomerulonephritis may indicate severe hypertension, which requires immediate assessment and intervention. Blood pressure should be checked, and the healthcare provider notified.

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