ATI RN
Multi Dimensional Care | Final Exam
1. The nurse educates a client about how to reduce their risk for osteoporosis. Which of these statements by the nurse is correct? (Select all that apply)
- A. You can decrease your risk of osteoporosis by avoiding vitamin D.
- B. You can decrease your risk of osteoporosis by reducing caffeine intake.
- C. You can decrease the risk of osteoporosis by decreasing alcohol intake.
- D. You can decrease your risk of osteoporosis by reducing protein intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, and quitting smoking can help decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
2. Interpret the following arterial blood gas results: PH = 7.30; PaCO2 = 55 mmHg; HCO3 = 24 mEq/L
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Respiratory alkalosis
- D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. In respiratory acidosis, there is an accumulation of CO2 in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. The elevated PaCO2 of 55 mmHg in the given results indicates hypoventilation, causing respiratory acidosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the provided data does not show metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, or metabolic alkalosis.
3. What is the result when a single zygote separates into two parts, each developing into a separate individual?
- A. Dizygotic twin
- B. Monozygotic twin
- C. Fraternal twin
- D. Nonidentical twin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Monozygotic twin. A monozygotic twin, also known as an identical twin, is the result when a single zygote splits into two parts, leading to the development of two genetically identical individuals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the scenario where a single zygote splits into two parts to form identical twins. Dizygotic twin (Choice A) refers to fraternal twins, which result from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells. Fraternal twin (Choice C) is another term for dizygotic twins, arising from two separate zygotes. Nonidentical twin (Choice D) is a synonymous term for dizygotic or fraternal twins, indicating that they are not genetically identical.
4. A 21-year-old male is brought to the ED following a night of partying in his fraternity. His friends found him 'asleep' and couldn't get him to respond. They cannot recall how many alcoholic beverages he drank the night before. While educating a student nurse and the man's friends, the nurse begins by explaining that alcohol is:
- A. A water-soluble compound that is easily absorbed by the gastric lining of the stomach.
- B. Very lipid-soluble and rapidly crosses the blood–brain barrier.
- C. Able to reverse the transport of some substances to remove them from the brain.
- D. Very likely to cause sedation and therefore the client just needs to sleep it off.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alcohol is very lipid-soluble and rapidly crosses the blood–brain barrier, leading to its effects on the central nervous system and causing symptoms like sedation and unconsciousness. Choice A is incorrect because alcohol is not water-soluble; it is lipid-soluble. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol does not reverse the transport of substances from the brain. Choice D is incorrect as sedation from alcohol is not a reason to just 'sleep it off' in cases of alcohol poisoning, which can be life-threatening and requires medical attention.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a toddler about appropriate snacks. Which of the following foods should the nurse include?
- A. Sliced bananas
- B. Raw celery
- C. Peanut butter
- D. Grapes
Correct answer: Sliced bananas
Rationale: The correct answer is sliced bananas. Bananas are a good choice for toddlers as they are easy to chew, rich in potassium, and generally well-tolerated. Raw celery (Choice B) may pose a choking hazard due to its fibrous nature. Peanut butter (Choice C) should be avoided as it can also be a choking hazard and may cause an allergic reaction in some children. Grapes (Choice D) are a choking hazard for toddlers due to their size and shape, so they should be cut into smaller pieces or avoided altogether.
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