Nursing Elites

1. The Hawthorne effect explains that the relationship between people and productivity is enhanced by which of the following?

• A. Special attention
• B. Organizations
• C. Creativity
• D. Groups

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Hawthorne effect is a term used to describe how people modify their behavior in response to the attention they are receiving rather than the manipulation of variables. Special attention, as mentioned in choice A, is the correct answer because when individuals feel that they are being closely monitored or that special interest is being taken in them, they tend to perform better or change their behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Hawthorne effect specifically focuses on the impact of attention and not on organizational structures, creativity, or group dynamics.

2. Which of the following is an example of a macro-level health policy?

• A. Local health ordinances
• B. State licensing regulations
• C. National healthcare legislation
• D. Institutional policies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is national healthcare legislation. This type of policy operates at a broad level, influencing healthcare delivery and financing across an entire nation. It sets overarching frameworks and regulations that impact various aspects of the healthcare system on a large scale, affecting a wide population rather than specific localities or institutions. Choices A, B, and D are not examples of macro-level health policy. Local health ordinances pertain to specific areas or communities, state licensing regulations focus on a state level, and institutional policies are internal regulations of a particular healthcare facility.

3. Which of the following can cause negative effects on decision making among groups?

• A. Rationalization
• B. Groupthink
• C. Risky shift
• D. Dialectical inquiry

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Groupthink. Groupthink is a negative phenomenon occurring in highly cohesive, isolated groups where members tend to think alike, which hinders critical thinking and can lead to poor decision-making. Rationalization refers to justifying or explaining behaviors or decisions in a logical manner. Risky shift is a phenomenon in groups where decisions become riskier or more extreme than individual members would make on their own. Dialectical inquiry is a technique used to counteract groupthink by encouraging debate and presenting opposing viewpoints to arrive at more thoughtful decisions.

4. What is the primary role of a nurse in an interdisciplinary team?

• A. To lead the healthcare team
• B. To advocate for the patient
• C. To provide emotional support to the patient
• D. To ensure compliance with regulations

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To advocate for the patient.' Nurses play a crucial role in interdisciplinary teams by ensuring that the patient's needs and preferences are considered in the care plan. While leadership (Choice A) can be a part of a nurse's responsibilities in certain situations, the primary role is patient advocacy. Providing emotional support (Choice C) is important but not the primary role in an interdisciplinary team. Ensuring compliance with regulations (Choice D) is important but not the primary focus when working within an interdisciplinary team.

5. The nurse is preparing to teach a 43-year-old man who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes about home management of the disease. Which action should the nurse take first?

• A. Ask the patient�s family to participate in the diabetes education program.
• B. Assess the patient�s perception of what it means to have diabetes mellitus.
• C. Demonstrate how to check glucose using capillary blood glucose monitoring.
• D. Discuss the need for the patient to actively participate in diabetes management.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

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