ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System
1. The client with peptic ulcer disease is scheduled for a pyloroplasty. The client asks the nurse about the procedure. The nurse plans to respond knowing that a pyloroplasty involves:
- A. Cutting the vagus nerve
- B. Removing the distal portion of the stomach
- C. Removal of the ulcer and a large portion of the cells that produce hydrochloric acid
- D. An incision and resuturing of the pylorus to relax the muscle and enlarge the opening from the stomach to the duodenum.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A pyloroplasty involves making an incision in the pylorus (the opening from the stomach to the duodenum) and then resuturing it to relax the muscle and enlarge the opening.
2. The most rapid prenatal changes take place in the period of the __________.
- A. zygote
- B. blastocyst
- C. embryo
- D. fetus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: embryo. The most rapid prenatal changes occur during the embryo stage, which spans from approximately 2 to 8 weeks after conception. This period is crucial as major organs and systems of the body develop rapidly, laying the foundation for future growth and development. The zygote stage is the initial single-celled entity formed by the union of sperm and egg, while the blastocyst stage involves the cluster of cells resulting from the zygote dividing and growing. The fetus stage follows the embryo stage and focuses on refining and growing existing structures rather than rapid development. Therefore, the embryo stage is where the most significant and rapid changes take place in prenatal development.
3. A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed olanzapine. The nurse should monitor the patient for which common side effect?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Hypotension
- C. Hair loss
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Weight gain is a common side effect of olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic. Olanzapine is known to cause metabolic changes that can lead to weight gain. Monitoring weight regularly is essential to detect and manage this side effect to prevent associated health risks such as diabetes and cardiovascular issues. Hypotension (choice B) is not a common side effect of olanzapine. Olanzapine is more likely to cause orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. Hair loss (choice C) and hyperthyroidism (choice D) are not typically associated with olanzapine use.
4. Nursing care of children focuses on improving quality by:
- A. Improving sanitation
- B. Focusing on curing childhood illnesses
- C. Addressing problems caused by communicable disease
- D. Providing a holistic environment for optimal growth and development
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because nursing care for children should encompass a holistic approach that considers not only physical health but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects. Providing a holistic environment promotes optimal growth and development by addressing all these dimensions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while sanitation, curing illnesses, and addressing communicable diseases are important aspects of child healthcare, they do not encompass the comprehensive care provided by a holistic approach.
5. A client who is receiving mechanical ventilation and has an ideal weight of 60 kg should have the tidal volume set at which of the following?
- A. 300 mL
- B. 480 mL
- C. 800 mL
- D. 950 mL
Correct answer: 480 mL
Rationale: Tidal volume is the amount of air delivered with each breath during mechanical ventilation. A common formula used to calculate tidal volume is 6-8 mL/kg of ideal body weight. For a client with an ideal weight of 60 kg, the expected tidal volume would be 60 kg x 6-8 mL/kg = 360-480 mL. Therefore, the most appropriate choice is 480 mL (Option B), which falls within the expected range based on the client's weight.
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