Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. To lower LDL levels, you should:

• A. consume minimal amounts of hydrogenated and saturated fats
• B. consume more insoluble fibers than soluble fibers
• C. consume alcohol in moderate levels
• D. engage in regular physical activity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To lower LDL levels, reducing intake of hydrogenated (trans) and saturated fats is crucial, as these types of fats can raise LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choice B is incorrect because both soluble and insoluble fibers can help lower LDL levels. Choice C is incorrect as excessive alcohol consumption can lead to increased LDL levels. Choice D, engaging in regular physical activity, can help raise HDL (good) cholesterol levels but is not directly related to lowering LDL levels.

2. What characterizes Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?

• A. Uncontrollable impulse to perform an act or ritual repeatedly
• B. Persistent thoughts and behavior
• C. Recurring unwanted and disturbing thoughts
• D. Pathological persistence of unwilled thoughts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by the uncontrollable impulse to perform an act or ritual repeatedly (Choice A). This is driven by recurring unwanted and disturbing thoughts (Choice C), but the distinguishing factor is the compulsive behavior, making choice A the most accurate. While choice B can be seen as true, it lacks the specific detail of the compulsive behavior that makes A a better answer. Choice D is not incorrect, but it uses terminology that is less precise and less commonly used to describe OCD, making it a less accurate choice than A. The provided rationale is not relevant to the question.

3. Diet therapy for Rudy, who has acute renal failure is low-protein, low potassium and low sodium. The nutrition instructions should include:

• A. Recommend protein of high biologic value like eggs, poultry and lean meats
• B. Encourage client to include raw cucumbers, carrot, cabbage, and tomatoes
• C. Allowing the client cheese, canned foods and other processed food
• D. Bananas, cantaloupe, orange and other fresh fruits can be included in the diet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. Aling Maria is nearing menopause. She is habitually taking cola and coffee for the past 20 years. You should tell Aling Maria to avoid taking caffeinated beverages because:

• A. It is stimulating
• B. It will cause nervousness and insomnia
• C. It will contribute to additional bone demineralization
• D. It will cause tachycardia and arrhythmias

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. For a client with a history of gout, which food should be included in their diet?

• A. Red meat
• B. Whole grains
• C. High-fat dairy
• D. Processed meats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Whole grains are low in purines and are a better choice for someone with gout.

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