professionalism has been historically difficult to define early definitions of professionalism included which of the following characteristics

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1. Professionalism has historically been difficult to define. Early definitions of professionalism included which of the following characteristics?

A. Expertise
B. Empathy
C. Ethical and moral values
D. Honesty

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Expertise.' Historically, professionalism was defined by one's knowledge and expertise in a particular field. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because early definitions of professionalism did not focus on qualities like empathy, ethical and moral values, or honesty, but rather on the individual's level of skill and competence in their area of work.

2. What behaviors can be observed before a person becomes violent? (EXCEPT)

A. Wandering
B. Tense shoulders and clenched fists
C. Blank stare
D. Positioned with one foot in back and an arm pulled back

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Before a person becomes violent, observable behaviors may include tense shoulders, clenched fists, a blank stare, and being positioned with one foot in back and an arm pulled back. Wandering is not typically associated with threatening behaviors signaling imminent violence. DelBel (2003) suggests that strategies such as relaxed body language, maintaining physical distance, and silence can help de-escalate an agitated individual's response.

3. Which of the following is one of the positive benefits of conflict within an organization?

A. Conflict leads to compromise on values and beliefs.
B. Conflict leads to intergroup competition.
C. Conflict helps people recognize differences and motivates people towards improved performance.
D. Conflict always leads to a win-win resolution.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Conflict within an organization can help people recognize legitimate differences and motivate them towards improved performance. This recognition of differences can lead to constructive discussions and solutions. Choice A is incorrect because conflict does not necessarily always lead to compromising values and beliefs. Choice B is incorrect as conflict should not be about fostering intergroup competition but rather about addressing and resolving issues. Choice D is incorrect as conflicts do not always result in a win-win resolution; sometimes, compromises or trade-offs are necessary for resolution.

4. A manager is working on the personnel budget for the year. The manager anticipates needing to replace 832 benefit hours. How many FTEs (Full-Time Equivalents) will be needed for replacement?

A. 0.40 FTEs
B. 17.0 FTEs
C. 0.05 FTEs
D. 1.0 FTEs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the number of Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs) needed for replacement, divide the number of benefit hours (832) by the standard number of hours in a full-time work year (2,080). Therefore, 832 benefit hours ÷ 2,080 = 0.4 FTEs, which is equivalent to 0.40 FTEs. Choice B (17.0 FTEs) is incorrect as it is a significantly high number that does not align with the calculation. Choice C (0.05 FTEs) is incorrect because it is too low for the given number of benefit hours. Choice D (1.0 FTEs) is incorrect as it represents a full-time position, which is not the correct calculation for replacing 832 benefit hours.

5. Under which category does a violation of the nurse practice act fall?

A. Juvenile offenses
B. Felonies
C. Misdemeanors
D. Torts

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A violation of the nurse practice act falls under the category of tort. Tort refers to civil wrongs that cause harm or loss to another person, and a violation of the nurse practice act can result in a civil lawsuit against the nurse for negligence or malpractice. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a violation of the nurse practice act does not fall under juvenile offenses, felonies, or misdemeanors, but rather under civil wrongs known as torts.