ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. Parents of a child who will need hemodialysis ask the nurse, What are the advantages of a fistula over a graft or external access device for hemodialysis? (Select all that apply.)
- A. It is ready to be used immediately.
- B. All below
- C. There is less restriction of activity with a fistula.
- D. It produces dilation and thickening of the superficial vessels.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A fistula typically has fewer complications, allows for greater freedom of movement, and involves natural vessel changes that improve dialysis efficiency. However, it is not ready for immediate use, which is why it may take weeks to mature before it can be used.
2. Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?
- A. It may not yield observations typical of participants’ behavior in everyday life.
- B. Researchers cannot control conditions under which participants are observed.
- C. The findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant.
- D. It does not usually yield rich, descriptive insights into factors that affect development. Answer: C Page Ref: 30 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The statement that describes a limitation of the clinical method is that the findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant. The clinical method typically involves in-depth studies of individual participants, which may limit generalizability to a broader population. This means that the findings from a clinical study may not be applicable to other individuals who are not directly involved in the study.
3. Which of the following treatments is used for rectal cancer but not for colon cancer?
- A. Chemotherapy
- B. Colonoscopy
- C. Radiation
- D. Surgical resection
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Radiation therapy is commonly used for rectal cancer to shrink the tumor before surgery, which is not typically done for colon cancer.
4. The educator is teaching about the process of physical growth and development. Which of these describes the directional pattern from head to tail?
- A. Cephalodistal
- B. Cephalocaudal
- C. Proximodistal
- D. Proximocaudal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cephalocaudal development is the correct term that describes the directional pattern of growth from head to tail. This means that the head and upper body parts develop before the lower parts. Choice A, 'Cephalodistal,' refers to growth from the center of the body outward, not head to tail. Choice C, 'Proximodistal,' describes growth from the center of the body towards the extremities, not specifically from head to tail. Choice D, 'Proximocaudal,' is not a recognized term in the context of physical growth and development.
5. What gastrointestinal side effects are associated with antisecretory drugs such as proton pump inhibitors?
- A. Nausea and vomiting
- B. Gastroparesis
- C. Dumping syndrome
- D. Flatulence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a type of antisecretory drug that can cause nausea and vomiting by altering stomach acid production. These are common side effects associated with PPIs. Gastroparesis (B) is a condition that affects the stomach muscles and prevents proper stomach emptying; it is not a side effect of PPIs. Dumping syndrome (C) is a group of symptoms that can occur after having part of your stomach removed and is not a side effect of PPIs. While some people might experience flatulence (D) when taking PPIs, it is not as commonly associated with these drugs as the effects of nausea and vomiting.
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