Nursing Elites

1. One of the most important driving forces behind health care policy changes is which of the following?

• A. New technology
• B. Outsourcing of services
• C. Emerging role of nurse practitioners
• D. Ability to pay for health care

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Ability to pay for health care.' One of the primary factors influencing health care policy changes is the financial aspect, as the ability to afford healthcare services affects access, quality, and equity. While new technology, outsourcing of services, and the emerging role of nurse practitioners may also impact health care policies, the fundamental driver often revolves around individuals' and societies' financial capacity to pay for healthcare.

2. When a nurse observes a fellow nurse preparing an incorrect dose of medication, what is the best action to take?

• A. Ignore the error
• B. Administer the medication anyway
• C. Correct the error without informing the nurse
• D. Report the error to the supervisor immediately

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best action to take when a nurse observes a fellow nurse preparing an incorrect dose of medication is to report the error to the supervisor immediately. Reporting the error is crucial to ensure patient safety and prevent any potential harm. Ignoring the error (Choice A) is not appropriate as it puts the patient at risk. Administering the medication anyway (Choice B) could harm the patient. Correcting the error without informing the nurse (Choice C) does not address the root cause of the issue, which should be brought to the attention of the supervisor for proper investigation and resolution.

3. In order to minimize or avoid negative outcomes as a result of the violation and disciplinary action, the employee should offer which of the following?

• A. Excuses
• B. Discipline
• C. Suggestions
• D. Rules

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In order to minimize or avoid negative outcomes resulting from a violation and disciplinary action, the employee should offer suggestions. By providing suggestions, the employee demonstrates a willingness to improve and prevent future occurrences. Offering excuses (choice A) may deflect responsibility and not address the issue at hand. Discipline (choice B) is the action taken by the employer, not the employee. Rules (choice D) are guidelines to follow, but in this context, offering suggestions for improvement is more relevant.

4. Which theory views motivation as learning?

• A. Reinforcement
• B. Process
• C. Operant
• D. Conditioning

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Reinforcement. Reinforcement theory views motivation as learning through the association of behaviors with consequences. Choice B, Process, is too vague and does not specifically relate motivation to learning. Choice C, Operant, is a type of conditioning that focuses on voluntary behavior and its consequences, not motivation as learning. Choice D, Conditioning, is a general term that does not directly connect motivation with learning.

5. A healthcare professional is admitting a client who has rubella. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?

• A. Airborne
• B. Protective environment
• C. Contact
• D. Droplet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Protective environment.' Rubella requires placing the client in a protective environment due to its airborne precautions. Airborne precautions are typically used for diseases that are spread through tiny droplets that remain in the air for an extended period, like tuberculosis. Contact precautions are used for diseases that are spread by direct or indirect contact, such as MRSA. Droplet precautions are implemented for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets, like influenza. Therefore, in the case of rubella, airborne precautions in a protective environment are necessary.

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