infants can raise their heads before they can sit and gain control of their trunks before walking due to which directional pattern of development

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

1. At what stage can infants raise their heads and gain control of their trunks before walking due to which directional pattern of development?

A. Cephalocaudal
B. Anterior to posterior
C. Proximodistal
D. Normal growth curve charts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cephalocaudal. The cephalocaudal pattern of development means that growth and motor control proceed from the head downward through the body. This explains why infants can raise their heads before they can sit and gain control of their trunks before walking. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Anterior to posterior refers to development from the front to the back, while proximodistal refers to development from the center of the body outward. Normal growth curve charts are used to track physical growth over time and are not directly related to the directional pattern of development in infants.

2. The nurse is preparing to give acetaminophen (Tylenol) to a child who has a fever. What nursing action is appropriate?

A. Retake the temperature in 15 minutes after giving the Tylenol.
B. Place a warm blanket on the child so chilling does not occur.
C. Check to be sure the Tylenol dose does not exceed 15 mg/kg.
D. Use cold compresses instead of Tylenol to control the fever.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ensuring the dose does not exceed 15 mg/kg is critical to avoid overdose and potential liver damage. Retaking the temperature immediately or using cold compresses is not necessary, and placing a warm blanket could exacerbate the fever.

3. In assessing sexual maturity levels, which tool would you expect to use?

A. Denver II Developmental Screening
B. Tanner staging
C. Antibody testing
D. Nursing process

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tanner staging. Tanner staging is a tool specifically used to assess sexual maturity in adolescents based on the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The Tanner scale ranges from stage 1 (prepubertal) to stage 5 (adult maturity). This tool helps healthcare providers evaluate the physical development and sexual maturation of individuals. Choice A, the Denver II Developmental Screening, is used to assess developmental milestones in children. Choice C, antibody testing, is a diagnostic tool used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the blood. Choice D, the nursing process, is a systematic method that nurses use to deliver patient-centered care, involving assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

4. The nurse is discussing growth and development with a group of parents. What should the nurse say about developmental milestones?

A. Increase in body size.
B. Age-specific tasks that most children can do at a certain time.
C. The direction of growth.
D. Refers to the age group of children.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Age-specific tasks that most children can do at a certain time." Developmental milestones are specific tasks or abilities that most children can achieve at a certain age range. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because developmental milestones are not just about increase in body size, the direction of growth, or the age group of children. They are more focused on the expected tasks and skills children can accomplish at particular ages.