ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. In the newborn, into what muscle is intramuscular vitamin K administered?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Rectus femoris
- D. Vastus lateralis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In newborns, intramuscular vitamin K is traditionally administered into the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred due to its large muscle mass and accessibility. The dorsogluteal site is not recommended for newborns due to the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve. The deltoid site is also not recommended for newborns. The rectus femoris muscle is not commonly used for intramuscular injections in newborns.
2. What term describes the invagination of one segment of bowel within another?
- A. Atresia
- B. Stenosis
- C. Herniation
- D. Intussusception
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Intussusception is the correct answer. It refers to the condition where one segment of the bowel folds into another, leading to an obstruction. Atresia (Choice A) is the absence or abnormal closure of a normal opening or tubular structure. Stenosis (Choice B) is the narrowing of a passage in the body. Herniation (Choice C) is the abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in its surrounding walls. Intussusception is a medical emergency commonly observed in infants and young children and necessitates prompt intervention to prevent severe complications.
3. What is the first step in managing a child with anaphylaxis?
- A. Administer antihistamines
- B. Establish IV access
- C. Administer epinephrine
- D. Monitor vital signs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the crucial first step in managing anaphylaxis as it helps reverse the severe allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels and relaxing airway muscles, preventing a life-threatening situation. Antihistamines (Choice A) are not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Establishing IV access (Choice B) may be necessary but is not the initial step in managing anaphylaxis. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is important but should not take precedence over administering epinephrine in the acute management of anaphylaxis.
4. Children may believe that they are responsible for their parents' divorce and interpret the separation as punishment. At which age is this most likely to occur?
- A. 1 year
- B. 4 years
- C. 8 years
- D. 13 years
Correct answer: C
Rationale: At around 8 years old, children may feel they are responsible for their parents' divorce and view it as a punishment, which can impact their emotional well-being.
5. What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis?
- A. Respiratory infections
- B. Malnutrition
- C. Diabetes
- D. Liver disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to thick mucus buildup in the lungs, which predisposes these children to recurrent respiratory infections. Malnutrition and diabetes are common comorbidities in cystic fibrosis but are not the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in affected children. Liver disease can occur in cystic fibrosis but is less common than respiratory complications.