Nursing Elites

1. In the newborn, into what muscle is intramuscular vitamin K administered?

• A. Deltoid
• B. Dorsogluteal
• C. Rectus femoris
• D. Vastus lateralis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In newborns, intramuscular vitamin K is traditionally administered into the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred due to its large muscle mass and accessibility. The dorsogluteal site is not recommended for newborns due to the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve. The deltoid site is also not recommended for newborns. The rectus femoris muscle is not commonly used for intramuscular injections in newborns.

2. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend as the best form of infant nutrition?

• A. Exclusive breastfeeding until 1 year of age
• B. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age
• C. Commercially prepared infant formula until 1 year of age
• D. Commercially prepared infant formula until 4 to 6 months of age

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates for exclusive breastfeeding until 1 year of age as the best form of infant nutrition. Breastfeeding for the first year of life provides optimal nutrition and benefits for the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age is not in line with the AAP's recommendation for a full year. While commercially prepared infant formula is an alternative if breastfeeding is not possible, it is not the preferred choice according to AAP guidelines. The recommendation for commercial infant formula until 1 year of age is not in line with the AAP's stance on the benefits of extended breastfeeding.

3. An infant weighed 8 lb at birth and was 18 inches in length. What weight and length should the infant be at 5 months of age?

• A. 12 lb, 20 inches
• B. 14 lb, 21.5 inches
• C. 16 lb, 23 inches
• D. 18 lb, 24.5 inches

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 5 months, an infant's weight should typically double from birth, and length should increase by approximately 50%.

4. Congenital defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, are usually repaired as early as possible to accomplish what?

• A. Minimize separation anxiety
• B. Prevent urinary complications.
• C. Increase acceptance of hospitalization.
• D. Promote development of normal body image.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Early repair of congenital genitourinary defects like hypospadias is important to promote a normal body image and avoid psychological issues as the child grows. It also helps prevent urinary complications and allows for normal development.

5. When auscultating an infant's lungs, the nurse detects diminished breath sounds. What should the nurse interpret this as?

• A. Suggestive of chronic pulmonary disease
• B. Suggestive of impending respiratory failure
• C. An abnormal finding warranting investigation
• D. A normal finding in infants younger than 1 year of age

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Diminished breath sounds in an infant are an abnormal finding and warrant further investigation to rule out conditions like atelectasis or pneumonia.

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