Nursing Elites

1. In all organisms, what is the basic unit of structure and function?

• A. the atom
• B. the molecule
• C. the macromolecule
• D. the cell

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the cell.' Cells are considered the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms. While atoms are the smallest units of matter, they do not represent the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. Molecules are made up of atoms and can vary in size and complexity, but they are not the fundamental unit of life. Macromolecules are large molecules essential for life processes, but they are composed of atoms and do not function as the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. Therefore, the cell, with its organelles and specialized functions, is the correct answer.

2. Are the oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities in the dorsal cavity?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is False. The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are actually part of the ventral cavity, not the dorsal cavity. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities, while the ventral cavity includes the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. Therefore, these structures are located in the ventral cavity, not the dorsal cavity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because these structures are not situated in the dorsal cavity.

3. What is the maximum capacity of a normal adult bladder before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?

• A. 800-900ml
• B. 300-600ml
• C. 1000-2000ml
• D. 400-700ml

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 300-600ml. A normal adult bladder can hold approximately 300-600ml of urine before the urge to urinate becomes strong and involuntary micturition is likely to occur. Choice A (800-900ml), Choice C (1000-2000ml), and Choice D (400-700ml) all exceed the typical capacity of a normal adult bladder and would generally not be accurate in the context of involuntary micturition.

4. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?

• A. formation of plugs
• B. promotion of vasodilation
• C. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
• D. activation of calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming plugs to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because platelets do not promote vasodilation; instead, they help in vasoconstriction. Choice C is incorrect as the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is a function of the coagulation cascade involving various clotting factors, not platelets. Choice D is incorrect as platelets do not directly activate calcium; instead, they play a role in the activation of other clotting factors.

5. Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?

• A. lymphatic fluid
• B. stomach acid
• C. bicarbonate
• D. lipase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is stomach acid. Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, plays a crucial role in destroying ingested pathogens due to its high acidity. The low pH of stomach acid helps to kill bacteria and other pathogens that may be present in the food we consume. Lymphatic fluid is involved in immune function and fat absorption, not pathogen destruction. Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes stomach acid to prevent damage to the stomach lining. Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats but is not involved in pathogen destruction.

Similar Questions