Nursing Elites

1. If having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, the gene is a ________.

• A. risk factor
• B. necessary cause
• C. sufficient cause
• D. contributory cause

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: necessary cause. A necessary cause is an essential factor for the disorder to occur. In this scenario, if having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees the development of the disease, then the gene is a necessary cause. Choice A, 'risk factor,' implies an increased likelihood of developing the disease but does not indicate certainty. Choice C, 'sufficient cause,' indicates that the gene alone can bring about the disease, which is not necessarily true in this context. Choice D, 'contributory cause,' suggests that the gene plays a part in causing the disease but is not essential for its development.

2. What term describes exceptional mental abilities such as mental math, memorization, musical, and artistic ability found among individuals with autism?

• A. Savant skills
• B. Theory of mind
• C. Echolalia
• D. Self-stimulatory behaviors

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Savant skills. Savant skills refer to exceptional abilities commonly observed in individuals with autism. These skills can include remarkable talents in areas such as mental math, memorization, music, and art. Choice B, Theory of mind, is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, which is a different concept. Choice C, Echolalia, is the repetition of words or phrases, not related to exceptional abilities. Choice D, Self-stimulatory behaviors, involves repetitive body movements or sounds often seen in individuals with autism but is not directly related to exceptional mental abilities.

3. A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?

• A. Authoritarian
• B. Permissive/indulgent
• C. Authoritative
• D. Neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Neglectful/uninvolved. This parenting style is associated with a lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness due to the lack of parental involvement and emotional support. Authoritarian parenting (choice A) is characterized by strict rules and high demands, not necessarily linked to these issues. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice B) involves few rules and high responsiveness, which may not directly lead to these problems. Authoritative parenting (choice C) combines high demands with emotional support and is actually linked to positive outcomes such as good school performance and social skills.

4. Normal human cells have ________.

• A. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
• B. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
• C. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs.
• D. twenty-three chromosome pairs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Normal human cells have twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. This adds up to a total of 46 chromosomes. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, which is not a characteristic of normal human cells. Choice C is also incorrect as it states twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs, which is not accurate for normal human cells. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions twenty-three chromosome pairs, which is not the correct number for normal human cells.

5. Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythe's views are most consistent with?

• A. The behaviorist approach to psychology.
• B. The functionalist approach to psychology.
• C. The structuralist approach to psychology.
• D. The psychoanalytic approach to psychology.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Smythe's belief that understanding the purpose of taste in survival is more critical than focusing on the elementary components aligns with the functionalist approach to psychology. Functionalism emphasizes understanding the purpose or function of mental processes and behavior, rather than just analyzing their individual components. This approach looks at how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment and survive. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not prioritize understanding the purpose of mental processes and behavior in the context of survival.

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