Nursing Elites

1. How does decision making differ from problem solving?

• A. Decision making always involves selecting from a set of alternatives.
• B. Problem solving always involves selecting one of several alternatives.
• C. Problem solving never involves decision making.
• D. Decision making always involves solving a problem.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because decision making always involves selecting from a set of alternatives, while problem solving involves diagnosing a problem. Option B is incorrect as problem solving involves diagnosing a problem rather than selecting one of several alternatives. Option C is incorrect because decision making is often a part of problem-solving processes. Option D is incorrect as decision making may involve selecting from alternatives, not necessarily solving a problem.

2. Which of the following should be included in a discussion of advance directives with new nurse graduates?

• A. According to the Patient Self-Determination Act, nurses are required to inform clients of their right to create an advance directive.
• B. The advance directive designates an individual who will make financial decisions for the client if he or she is unable to do so.
• C. A living will designates who will make health-care decisions for an individual in the event the individual is unable or incompetent to make his or her own decisions.
• D. The advance directive designates a health-care surrogate who will make known the client�s wishes regarding medical treatment if the client is unable to do so.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: One function of the advance directive is to appoint a health-care surrogate who will make known the client�s wishes for medical treatment to the medical and nursing team if the client is unable to do so.

3. As a new graduate employed in a high-volume maternity unit that uses differentiated practice as its staffing model, what can the nurse expect?

• A. Evidence-based practice guides risk management principles.
• B. Client teaching is the responsibility of the team leader.
• C. The initial level of practice responsibility will be limited.
• D. Seniority is the main determinant of client assignments.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a differentiated practice model, the scope of nursing practice and responsibility are tailored to different levels of experience. As a new graduate with limited experience, the nurse can expect that the initial level of practice responsibility will be limited to match their skill level and knowledge. This allows for a gradual increase in responsibilities as the nurse gains more experience and expertise. Choice A is incorrect because evidence-based practice is related to clinical decision-making, not the staffing model. Choice B is incorrect as client teaching is typically a shared responsibility among the healthcare team, not solely the team leader's. Choice D is incorrect as differentiated practice models focus on skill level and competence rather than seniority when determining client assignments.

4. Which of the following would a nurse suggest are significant benefits to an organization that is considering adoption of a practice partnership model? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Clients express greater satisfaction.
• B. It is more expensive to implement than other models.
• C. Continuity of care is facilitated.
• D. Leadership is well accepted.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Practice partnership models are shown to be the most cost-effective of the nursing care delivery systems, contrary to being more expensive. Clients express greater satisfaction due to the collaborative and holistic approach of this model. Continuity of care is improved when the healthcare team works together cohesively. While leadership acceptance is beneficial, it is not the most significant benefit highlighted in the context of practice partnership models.

5. Which of the following are essential components of strategic planning? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Values
• B. Vision & Mission statements
• C. Reengineering
• D. A & B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Values and vision and mission statements are indeed essential components of strategic planning. Values help define the organization's core beliefs and principles, guiding its decisions and actions. Vision and mission statements articulate the organization's goals, purpose, and direction, serving as a roadmap for strategic planning and decision-making. Reengineering is not a core component of strategic planning; it involves the redesign of processes to improve performance, efficiency, and quality. Therefore, option C is incorrect. The correct answer is D because both values and vision and mission statements play crucial roles in shaping an organization's strategic planning process.

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