Nursing Elites

1. Extracellular fluid includes:

• A. plasma and intracellular fluid.
• B. interstitial and intracellular fluids.
• C. plasma and interstitial fluid.
• D. plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'plasma and interstitial fluid.' Extracellular fluid consists of all body fluids outside the cells, primarily including plasma (the liquid component of blood) and interstitial fluid (the fluid between cells). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because intracellular fluid is located within the cells, not in the extracellular fluid compartment.

2. . A nurse is planning care for a nephrology patient with a new nursing graduate. The nurse states, A patient in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH. What is the cause of this partial inability?

• A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
• B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes
• C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
• D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. A nurse assesses a client who has a radial artery catheter. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?

• A. . Amount of pressure in fluid container
• B. Date of catheter tubing change
• C. Percent of heparin in infusion container
• D. . Presence of an ulnar pulse

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

4. . One day after a patient is admitted to the medical unit, you note that the patient is oliguric. You notify the acutecare nurse practitioner who orders a fluid challenge of 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. This intervention will achieve which of the following?

• A. Help distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
• B. Help evaluate pituitary gland function
• C. Help distinguish reduced renal blood flow from decreased renal function
• D. Help provide an effective treatment for hypertension-induced oliguria

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

5. You are the nurse caring for a 77-year-old male patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You and your colleague note that the patients labs indicate minimally elevated serum creatinine levels, which your colleague dismisses. What can this increase in creatinine indicate in older adults?

• A. Substantially reduced renal function
• B. Acute kidney injury
• C. Decreased cardiac output
• D. ) Alterations in ratio of body fluids to muscle mass

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

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