Nursing Elites

1. During the later stages of chronic kidney disease, what is the recommended protein intake in grams per kilogram of body weight per day?

• A. 0.6 to 0.75
• B. 1.2 to 1.55
• C. 1.0 to 1.2
• D. 0.8 to 1.0

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is typically restricted to 0.6 to 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. This lower protein intake helps reduce the workload on the kidneys, as excessive protein can be challenging for the kidneys to process. Choice B (1.2 to 1.55) is incorrect as it suggests a higher protein intake, which is not recommended for individuals with advanced kidney disease. Choices C (1.0 to 1.2) and D (0.8 to 1.0) also advocate for protein intakes higher than what is typically advised for individuals in later stages of chronic kidney disease.

2. As the head nurse in the OR, how can you improve the effectiveness of clinical alarm systems?

• A. Limit suppliers to a few so that quality is maintained
• B. Implement a regular inventory of supplies and equipment
• C. Adherence to manufacturer’s recommendation
• D. Implement a regular maintenance and testing of alarm systems

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Which food would benefit an anemic patient by increasing their intake?

• A. Beef
• B. Apples
• C. White bread
• D. Fish

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An anemic patient would benefit from increasing their intake of beef. Beef is an excellent source of heme iron, which is critical for treating anemia. Heme iron is absorbed more readily by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Apples and white bread, while healthy, do not contain significant amounts of heme iron. Fish, although it does contain iron, it's non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed by the body as heme iron, hence less effective in treating anemia.

4. What type of drug would most likely be given to a patient following a myocardial infarction?

• A. antiemetic
• B. anticoagulant
• C. anticonvulsant
• D. antibiotic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Anticoagulants are the most suitable choice for a patient following a myocardial infarction. These medications are essential in preventing further blood clots from forming in the arteries, reducing the risk of complications such as strokes or recurrent heart attacks. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, not directly related to myocardial infarction. Anticonvulsants are used to manage seizures, not typically indicated after a heart attack. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections, not routinely given after a myocardial infarction.

5. The nurse understands that one of these factors contributes to constipation:

• A. excessive exercise
• B. high fiber diet
• C. no regular time for defecation daily
• D. prolonged use of laxatives

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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