Nursing Elites

1. Dry skin (Xerosis) can lead to itching (Pruritis). What statement by the client indicates need for further teaching about preventing dry skin?

• A. I will drink at least 3000 mL of water daily."?
• B. . 'I will shower every day in hot water."?
• C. I will avoid tights belts."?
• D. I will use a humidifier during the winter months."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

2. Why is a client with osteoporosis prone to fractures?

• A. The client has bone spurs that lead to fractures
• B. The client has increased bone density
• C. The client has porous bones
• D. The client is not prone to fractures

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Osteoporosis is characterized by porous, weak bones due to decreased bone density. This porous nature of bones in osteoporosis makes them more prone to fractures. Choice A is incorrect because bone spurs do not lead to fractures in osteoporosis; they are bony outgrowths unrelated to osteoporosis. Choice B is incorrect as osteoporosis is associated with decreased, not increased, bone density. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with osteoporosis are indeed prone to fractures due to weakened bones.

3. What is the condition called when the client's pupils are different sizes and have been this way since childhood?

• A. Exophthalmos
• B. Anisocoria
• C. Strabismus
• D. Scleral edema

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Anisocoria is the correct answer. Anisocoria is the condition of having pupils of different sizes. Exophthalmos refers to abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, not pupil size difference. Strabismus is a condition where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. Scleral edema is swelling of the sclera, the white part of the eye, and not related to differing pupil sizes.

4. A client is immobile and requires mechanical ventilation with a tracheostomy. She has a pressure injury on her coccyx measuring 5 cm by 3 cm. the nurse observes bone and tendon at the base of the wound. How would the nurse document this wound?

• A. Stage III pressure injury
• B. A stage II pressure injury
• C. A non-staging pressure injury
• D. Stage IV pressure injury

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. The client asks the nurse what nonpharmacological intervention can be used to reduce pain and swelling in her joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

• A. "Ice packs can be used to reduce swelling but should be removed after 20 minutes."?
• B. "Heat always makes the swelling go down. You do not need any other interventions."?
• C. "Try high impact exercise exercise like running to loosen up your joints and reduce pain."?
• D. "Apply ice packs. It is generally okay to keep them on for up to one hour at a time."?

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

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