Nursing Elites

1. Cells do not aggregate into organelles based on similar functions.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement is false. Cells with similar functions do not aggregate into organelles. Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Cells themselves are the basic structural and functional units of organisms, and organelles are located within cells to carry out various tasks. Therefore, cells do not aggregate into organelles, but organelles are found within cells to support their functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as cells do not form organelles by aggregating based on similar functions.

2. In the early days, healers transitioned from superstition and magic to using natural chemicals in the field of medicine.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. The field of medicine evolved as early healers moved away from superstition and magic, instead focusing on natural chemicals to treat illnesses. This transition marked a shift towards a more scientific and evidence-based approach to healthcare. This historical transition is well-documented in the evolution of medicine. Choice B is incorrect because the statement accurately reflects the historical development of medicine. Choice C is incorrect as the historical transition from superstition to natural chemicals is a well-documented aspect of the evolution of medicine. Choice D is incorrect as the statement provided is true.

3. Which of the following types of cells is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms?

• A. Basophils
• B. Eosinophils
• C. B-cells
• D. Macrophages

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and digesting cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and old or damaged cells. Basophils are primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, eosinophils combat multicellular parasites and have a role in allergic reactions, and B-cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Therefore, the correct answer is macrophages as they are specialized in phagocytosis and removal of unwanted cells and microorganisms.

4. What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?

• A. Sensory perception
• B. To provide support and structure to the skin
• C. Protection from UV rays
• D. Insulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function associated with the dermal layer of the skin is to provide support and structure to the skin. The dermis is the thickest layer of the skin and is responsible for maintaining the skin's integrity and firmness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as sensory perception, protection from UV rays, and insulation are functions associated with other layers of the skin, such as the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue.

5. Signs of aging at the cellular level are

• A. graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles.
• B. unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
• C. impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
• D. a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.' Aging at the cellular level involves reduced efficiency in cell division and the breakdown/recycling of cellular components, leading to functional decline. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they involve external physical manifestations or organ-specific issues rather than cellular-level changes associated with aging.

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