ATI RN
Growth and Development Exam
1. Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal research is known as __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 34 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
- A. biased sampling
- B. practice effects
- C. random assignment
- D. cohort effects Answer: B Page Ref: 35 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Practice effects refer to the phenomenon where participants in a longitudinal study show improvement in test performance over time due to becoming familiar with the tasks or test materials. This can be considered a limitation as it may distort the results by showing an artificial improvement rather than a true developmental change.
2. Which state of arousal is considered the most fleeting?
- A. Regular sleep
- B. REM sleep
- C. Drowsiness
- D. Quiet alertness
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Quiet alertness is indeed the most fleeting state of arousal. This state is characterized by a newborn infant being awake, calm, and attentive, but it is short-lived and transitions quickly to other states of arousal. Regular sleep, REM sleep, and drowsiness are not considered as brief and transitional as quiet alertness in newborn infants.
3. In the eighth month of pregnancy, what typically happens?
- A. fetal growth doubles
- B. neuron production increases
- C. the eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck form
- D. lanugo typically is shed
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In the eighth month of pregnancy, lanugo typically is shed. Lanugo is the fine, downy hair that covers a fetus's body to help regulate body temperature while in the womb. By the eighth month, many fetuses shed this hair as they prepare for birth. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because fetal growth doubling, neuron production increasing, and the formation of eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck occur in earlier stages of pregnancy, not specifically in the eighth month.
4. Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen laid the modern foundations for __________.
- A. ethology
- B. social learning theory
- C. psychoanalytic theory
- D. cognitive-developmental theory
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen are considered the founders of ethology, a branch of biology and psychology that focuses on the study of animal behavior in natural environments. Their work laid the modern foundations for ethology, which examines the behavior of animals in relation to their natural habitats and evolutionary history. Choice B, social learning theory, is incorrect as it pertains to a different area of psychology that focuses on how people learn through observing others. Choice C, psychoanalytic theory, is also incorrect as it is a psychological theory developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior. Choice D, cognitive-developmental theory, is incorrect as it refers to the work of Jean Piaget in understanding the development of human cognition in children.
5. In egalitarian marriages, __________.
- A. there is a clear division of roles
- B. partners share power and authority
- C. the husband is the head of the household
- D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.
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