Nursing Elites

1. With which type of cancer is asbestos exposure most strongly associated?

• A. Liver cancer
• B. Peritoneal cancer
• C. Skin cancer
• D. Esophageal cancer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asbestos exposure is most strongly associated with peritoneal cancer, a type of cancer that affects the lining of the abdomen. While asbestos can potentially contribute to other types of cancer, there is a significant body of research indicating a robust correlation between asbestos exposure and peritoneal cancer. Asbestos exposure can also lead to mesothelioma, a cancer that affects the lining of the chest. The other options - liver cancer, skin cancer, and esophageal cancer - are not typically associated with asbestos exposure.

2. What is the most important concern immediately after a myocardial infarction?

• A. Reducing cholesterol intake
• B. Allowing cardiac rest for healing
• C. Reducing saturated fat intake
• D. Eating several small meals each day

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Immediately after a myocardial infarction, the primary concern is to allow the heart to rest and heal to prevent further damage. This is why choice B is the correct answer. While choices A, C, and D might be a part of the long-term management plan following a myocardial infarction, they are not the immediate priority. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake, as well as adjusting eating habits can help prevent future heart issues, but do not directly contribute to the immediate recovery post-myocardial infarction.

3. Which type of immunity is demonstrated by the transfer of a mother's immunoglobulin across the placenta to protect the child?

• A. Natural active immunity
• B. Natural passive immunity
• C. Artificial active immunity
• D. Artificial passive immunity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The immunoglobulin passed from the mother to the child through the placenta is an example of natural passive immunity, making choice B the correct answer. This transfer gives the child temporary immunity to various diseases without their immune system having to work. On the other hand, natural active immunity (Choice A) occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Artificial active immunity (Choice C) is achieved through vaccinations, where the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a specific disease. Artificial passive immunity (Choice D) is a temporary immunity that involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source.

4. Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.

5. Why do older adult female clients need less iron than younger adult female clients?

• A. The need for iron decreases because older female clients produce more red blood cells.
• B. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients carry oxygen more efficiently.
• C. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients experience menopause.
• D. The need for iron decreases with age because older female clients exercise more.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Older adult female clients need less iron than younger adult female clients because as women go through menopause, they no longer lose blood through menstruation, leading to a reduced need for iron. Choice A is incorrect because producing more red blood cells does not directly correlate with needing less iron. Choice B is incorrect as carrying oxygen more efficiently does not necessarily decrease the need for iron. Choice D is incorrect as exercising more does not explain the decreased need for iron in older adult female clients.

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