ATI RN
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Quizlet
1. After experiencing several months of worsening nocturia, a patient has been assessed for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and has begun drug treatment. In addition to nocturia, what other sign or symptom is most likely to accompany BPH?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Erectile dysfunction
- C. Urinary frequency
- D. Flank pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is hematuria. Hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine, is a common sign associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). It can occur due to irritation or damage to the prostate tissue. While urinary frequency and erectile dysfunction can also be seen in BPH patients, hematuria is more specifically linked to prostate issues. Flank pain is not typically a direct symptom of BPH.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin IV to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer the medication over 30 minutes.
- B. Monitor the client for a decrease in blood pressure during administration.
- C. Assess the IV site for infiltration during administration.
- D. Premedicate the client with an antiemetic prior to administration.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action the nurse should take when administering vancomycin IV is to assess the IV site for infiltration during administration. Vancomycin is known to cause tissue damage if it infiltrates, making close monitoring crucial. Administering the medication over 30 minutes (Choice A) is a common practice but not the priority in preventing infiltration. Monitoring for a decrease in blood pressure (Choice B) is not directly related to vancomycin administration. Premedicating with an antiemetic (Choice D) is not typically required for vancomycin administration.
3. What percentage of body water can be as high as in a newborn?
- A. 80%.
- B. 70%.
- C. 60%.
- D. 90%.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 80%. Newborns can have a body water content as high as 80% due to their higher total body water compared to adults. Choice B (70%) is incorrect because newborns typically have a higher body water percentage. Choice C (60%) is also incorrect as it underestimates the body water content in newborns. Choice D (90%) is incorrect as it overestimates the body water percentage in newborns.
4. A patient is admitted with an air leak in a chest tube system. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Tighten the connections of the chest tube system
- B. Continue monitoring the patient
- C. Replace the chest tube system
- D. Clamp the chest tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When caring for a patient with an air leak in the chest tube system, the nurse should tighten the connections of the chest tube system. This action can help resolve the air leak by ensuring there are no loose connections or leaks in the system. Continuing to monitor the patient (Choice B) is important, but addressing the air leak is a priority. Replacing the chest tube system (Choice C) may not be necessary if tightening the connections resolves the issue. Clamping the chest tube (Choice D) is not appropriate as it can lead to tension pneumothorax.
5. A healthcare professional is preparing to assess a 2-week-old newborn. Which of the following actions should the professional plan to take?
- A. Obtain the newborn's body temperature using a tympanic thermometer.
- B. FACES pain scale.
- C. Auscultate the newborn's apical pulse for 60 seconds.
- D. Measure the newborn's head circumference over the eyebrows and below the occipital prominence.
Correct answer: C: Auscultate the newborn's apical pulse for 60 seconds.
Rationale: Assessing the apical pulse in newborns is important to evaluate their cardiac function. The normal heart rate for a newborn is typically between 100-160 beats per minute. Auscultating the apical pulse for a full 60 seconds allows for an accurate assessment of the newborn's heart rate. This is a crucial component of the newborn assessment to ensure the baby's cardiovascular system is functioning within the expected range.
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