ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the school-age child is in which stage?
- A. Industry vs. inferiority
- B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- C. Identity vs. role diffusion
- D. Trust vs. mistrust
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Industry vs. inferiority.' According to Erikson’s theory, school-age children (approximately 6-12 years old) are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority. In this stage, children focus on developing a sense of competence and productivity. Choice B, 'Autonomy vs. shame and doubt,' is incorrect as it refers to the stage that occurs during early childhood (1-3 years old). Choice C, 'Identity vs. role diffusion,' pertains to adolescence (12-18 years old). Choice D, 'Trust vs. mistrust,' is related to the stage of infancy (0-1 year old). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate stage for school-age children in Erikson's theory.
2. A vegan patient might be at risk for deficiency in which of the following nutrients?
- A. Vitamin B12
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Fiber
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so individuals following a vegan diet are at risk of deficiency as they do not consume these sources. Vitamin C, Carbohydrates, and Fiber are not specifically at risk for deficiency in vegan diets as they can be obtained from plant-based sources.
3. Evolutionary developmental psychology __________.
- A. focuses on how the structures of the mind develop to better fit with, or represent, the external world
- B. seeks to understand the adaptive value of species-wide competencies as those competencies change with age
- C. views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows
- D. brings together researchers from many fields to study changes in the brain and behavior patterns
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Evolutionary developmental psychology seeks to understand the adaptive value of species-wide competencies as those competencies change with age. This field focuses on how psychological traits and behaviors have evolved to enhance survival and reproduction over time. It emphasizes the interaction between evolutionary principles and developmental processes to provide insights into human behavior and cognition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the primary focus of evolutionary developmental psychology. Choice A is more aligned with cognitive psychology, choice C relates to cognitive science, and choice D could pertain to multidisciplinary approaches but not specifically to evolutionary developmental psychology.
4. A 31-year-old client is seeking contraceptive information. Before responding to the client’s questions about contraceptives, the nurse obtains a health history. What factor in the client’s history indicates to the nurse that oral contraceptives are contraindicated?
- A. More than 30 years of age
- B. Had two multiple pregnancies
- C. Smokes 1 pack of cigarettes a day
- D. Has a history of borderline hypertension
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Smoking, especially in clients over 30, increases the risk of thromboembolic events, making oral contraceptives contraindicated. Choice A is incorrect as age alone is not a contraindication for oral contraceptives. Choice B is incorrect as having multiple pregnancies is not a contraindication for oral contraceptives. Choice D is incorrect as borderline hypertension is not a strict contraindication for oral contraceptives.
5. A client undergoing chemotherapy is at risk for developing mucositis. What nursing intervention is most appropriate to help manage this condition?
- A. Encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids.
- B. Administer antifungal mouthwash.
- C. Teach the client to avoid spicy or acidic foods.
- D. Apply a topical anesthetic to the oral mucosa before meals.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding spicy or acidic foods can help prevent irritation of the mucosa, which is already sensitive during mucositis.