Nursing Elites

1. A young mother asks if her 9-month-old can begin drinking cow’s milk instead of formula. You explain that:

• A. Cow’s milk is easier to digest than formula
• B. Breast milk or formula should be used for now because whole cow’s milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year
• C. As long as whole milk is given and not skim milk, it is okay
• D. Cow’s milk will decrease the chance of iron deficiency anemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be used for now because whole cow’s milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year. Cow’s milk is not suitable for infants under 1 year of age as it lacks essential nutrients like iron and can lead to iron deficiency. Therefore, it is important to continue with breast milk or formula to ensure the baby's nutritional needs are met. Choice A is incorrect as cow’s milk is not easier to digest than formula for infants. Choice C is incorrect as the type of milk, whether whole or skim, is not the primary concern at this age. Choice D is incorrect as cow’s milk can actually increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia in infants.

2. Nursing care of children focuses on improving quality by:

• A. Improving sanitation
• B. Focusing on curing childhood illnesses
• C. Addressing problems caused by communicable disease
• D. Providing a holistic environment for optimal growth and development

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because nursing care for children should encompass a holistic approach that considers not only physical health but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects. Providing a holistic environment promotes optimal growth and development by addressing all these dimensions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while sanitation, curing illnesses, and addressing communicable diseases are important aspects of child healthcare, they do not encompass the comprehensive care provided by a holistic approach.

3. What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Glomerulonephritis
• C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• D. Sepsis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. While dehydration can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury, it is not the most common cause in children. Glomerulonephritis is a common cause of chronic kidney disease but not typically the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. Sepsis can lead to acute kidney injury, but in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome is more prevalent.

4. What play activities should the nurse implement to encourage fluid intake for a child? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Have a tea party.
• B. Use a crazy straw.
• C. Cut gelatin into fun shapes.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Encouraging fluid intake can be fun and engaging through activities like having a tea party, using a crazy

5. In what condition should the nurse be alert for altered fluid requirements in children? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Oliguric renal failure
• B. Increased intracranial pressure
• C. Mechanical ventilation
• D. All above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Conditions like oliguric renal failure, increased intracranial pressure, and mechanical ventilation significantly alter fluid requirements in children. These conditions either restrict fluid output or require careful fluid management to avoid worsening the condition.

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