Nursing Elites

1. A toddler’s mother calls the nurse because she thinks her son has swallowed a button type of battery. He has no signs of respiratory distress. The nurse’s response should be based on which premise?

• A. An emergency laparotomy is very likely.
• B. The location needs to be confirmed by radiographic examination.
• C. Surgery will be necessary if the battery has not passed in the stool in 48 hours.
• D. Careful observation is essential because an ingested battery cannot be accurately detected.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Radiographic examination is essential to confirm the location of the battery, as it can cause significant damage, particularly if lodged in the esophagus. Immediate surgery may be required depending on its location and the potential for causing harm.

2. What is a suitable nutritional goal for a preschool-aged child?

• A. Minimize messiness and spills.
• B. Introduce new foods gradually and provide variety.
• C. Finish all the food on the plate.
• D. Allow the child to eat only preferred foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Introducing new foods gradually and offering a variety of options is a suitable nutritional goal for preschool-aged children as it helps in providing essential nutrients and expanding their palate. Choice A is incorrect as reducing messiness and spills is more related to behavior than nutrition. Choice C is incorrect as forcing a child to finish all the food on the plate may override their natural hunger and fullness cues. Choice D is incorrect as allowing a child to eat only preferred foods may lead to an imbalanced diet lacking in essential nutrients.

3. The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what?

• A. 2 to 4 years
• B. 5 to 7 years
• C. 8 to 10 years
• D. 11 to 13 years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The peak age for the onset of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is typically between 5 and 7 years old. This age group is most affected due to the higher incidence of streptococcal infections in school-aged children, which can lead to this renal complication.

4. A four-year-old child has a history of repeated otitis media despite antibiotic treatment. Which treatment measure should the nurse discuss with the parents?

• A. Antibiotic treatment
• B. Adenoidectomy
• C. The insertion of tympanostomy (pressure equalizing) tubes
• D. Tonsillectomy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The insertion of tympanostomy (pressure equalizing) tubes. This treatment measure is appropriate for a child with recurrent otitis media as it helps drain fluid from the middle ear and prevent further infections. Adenoidectomy (choice B) involves the removal of the adenoids, which may not directly address the ear infections. Antibiotic treatment (choice A) has already been ineffective in this case, so alternative measures are necessary. Tonsillectomy (choice D) is not typically indicated for otitis media unless there are specific reasons such as enlarged tonsils contributing to the condition.

5. Which condition is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough in children?

• A. Croup
• B. Asthma
• C. Bronchitis
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. Croup is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airways, particularly the larynx and trachea. It is most common in young children and can cause significant respiratory distress, especially at night. Treatment often includes humidified air and corticosteroids. Asthma (choice B) typically presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchitis (choice C) is characterized by productive cough with mucus, not a barking cough. Pneumonia (choice D) often presents with fever, productive cough, and chest pain, not a barking cough.

Similar Questions