ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System Test
1. A patient with chronic alcohol abuse is admitted with liver failure. You closely monitor the patient’s blood pressure because of which change that is associated with the liver failure?
- A. Hypoalbuminemia
- B. Increased capillary permeability
- C. Abnormal peripheral vasodilation
- D. Excess rennin release from the kidneys
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Abnormal peripheral vasodilation is a change associated with liver failure that requires close monitoring of the patient's blood pressure.
2. A client with type 1 diabetes is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and initially treated with intravenous fluids followed by an IV bolus of regular insulin. The nurse anticipates that the practitioner will prescribe a continuous infusion of insulin of:
- A. Novolin L insulin
- B. Novolin R insulin
- C. Novolin N insulin
- D. Novolin U insulin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Novolin R (Regular insulin) because it is used for continuous infusion to treat diabetic ketoacidosis. Novolin R has a rapid onset of action, making it suitable for this acute situation. Novolin L insulin (Choice A) is not typically used for continuous infusion in diabetic ketoacidosis. Novolin N insulin (Choice C) is an intermediate-acting insulin and is not ideal for rapid correction needed in diabetic ketoacidosis. Novolin U insulin (Choice D) is an ultra-long-acting insulin and is not appropriate for the immediate correction required in this scenario.
3. A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?
- A. CD4 helper T cells
- B. CD8 helper T cells
- C. CDC cells
- D. CDC10 cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a person diagnosed with AIDS, a decrease in CD4 helper T cells is expected. These cells are critical for the immune system's proper functioning, and their reduction weakens the body's ability to fight infections. CD8 helper T cells (Choice B) are not typically decreased in AIDS. CDC cells (Choice C) and CDC10 cells (Choice D) are not relevant terms in this context, making them incorrect choices.
4. Inadequate intake of vitamin A occurs in lower socioeconomic groups due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Inadequate intake of vitamin A in lower socioeconomic groups is due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits. This is supported by the fact that the average intake in the United States meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A intake, except in lower socioeconomic groups. These individuals often lack the financial means to buy, prepare, and eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, leading to deficiencies. It's important to note that because vitamin A can be stored in the liver, most adults have sufficient quantities to maintain health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the statement and reason are both accurate and logically connected, as the lack of resources directly impacts the ability to obtain necessary sources of vitamin A.
5. An adult patient has begun treatment with fluconazole. The nurse should recognize the need to likely discontinue the drug if the patient develops which of the following signs or symptoms?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Weight gain
- C. Iron deficiency anemia
- D. Hematuria
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Jaundice. Fluconazole, an antifungal medication, can rarely cause hepatotoxicity, which may manifest as jaundice. Monitoring for signs of liver dysfunction, such as jaundice, is crucial during fluconazole therapy. Weight gain, iron deficiency anemia, and hematuria are not commonly associated with fluconazole use and are not indications for discontinuing the drug.
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