Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new prescription for a cane. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Hold the cane on the weaker side
• B. Ensure the cane has a rubber tip
• C. Keep the cane on the dominant side
• D. Use the cane only on stairs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure the cane has a rubber tip.' This instruction is essential for safety as the rubber tip prevents slipping, providing stability. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be held on the stronger side to provide better support and balance. Choice C is incorrect as the cane should be used on the stronger, more dominant side. Choice D is also incorrect as a cane is not only used on stairs but also for general support and mobility.

2. A nurse is assessing a client who reports a burning sensation at the site of a peripheral IV. The site is red and warm. What should the nurse do?

• A. Increase the IV flow rate
• B. Discontinue the IV line
• C. Apply a cold compress
• D. Elevate the limb

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client presents with symptoms of phlebitis at the IV site, such as redness, warmth, and pain, it is essential to discontinue the IV line. Increasing the IV flow rate could exacerbate the condition by further irritating the vein. Applying a cold compress may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue of phlebitis. Elevating the limb is not the primary intervention for phlebitis and discontinuing the IV line takes precedence to prevent complications.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a narcotic medication. After administration, what should the nurse do with the unused portion?

• A. Document the amount wasted
• B. Store it for later use
• C. Discard it with another nurse as a witness
• D. Return it to the pharmacy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After administering a narcotic medication, any unused portion should be discarded with another nurse as a witness. This procedure ensures proper disposal of controlled substances and prevents misuse or diversion. Storing it for later use (Choice B) is not appropriate due to safety concerns and legal regulations. Returning it to the pharmacy (Choice D) is also not recommended as the medication is already out of the pharmacy's control. Documenting the amount wasted (Choice A) is important for accurate record-keeping but does not address the immediate need for safe disposal of the unused narcotic medication.

4. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?

• A. Avoid physical activity
• B. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
• C. Limit sun exposure
• D. Perform weight-bearing exercises

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing improves oxygenation by keeping airways open longer, facilitating better exhalation of carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding physical activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen oxygenation. Choice C is irrelevant to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD; weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not for oxygenation.

5. A client who is at risk for developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after surgery. What intervention should the nurse implement to reduce this risk?

• A. Avoid ambulation to prevent injury
• B. Use compression stockings
• C. Use a heating pad for comfort
• D. Elevate the client's legs on a pillow

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after surgery is to use compression stockings. Compression stockings help prevent DVT by promoting venous return, which reduces the likelihood of blood pooling in the legs and forming clots. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding ambulation can actually increase the risk of DVT, using a heating pad does not directly address DVT prevention, and elevating the client's legs on a pillow alone may not provide sufficient compression to prevent DVT.

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