ATI RN
ATI Capstone Adult Medical Surgical Assessment 1
1. A nurse is teaching a client who has type 1 DM about hypoglycemia. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. Exercise reduces the risk for hypoglycemia.
- B. I can skip my insulin when I don't eat.
- C. I can drink 4 oz of soda if my blood sugar is low.
- D. Diabetic pills don't cause hypoglycemia; only insulin does.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The client can correct any development of hypoglycemia with a quick intake of glucose. The client should have 15 g carbohydrates on hand to treat hypoglycemic episodes, like 4 oz of regular soda.
2. Which instrument is used for auscultation?
- A. Percussion hammer
- B. Audiometer
- C. Stethoscope
- D. Sphygmomanometer
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Auscultation involves listening to internal sounds in the body, such as heart and lung sounds. The instrument used for auscultation is a stethoscope, which allows healthcare providers to listen to these sounds. The percussion hammer is used to elicit sounds on the body, the audiometer is used to measure hearing ability, and the sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Stethoscope.'
3. Which diagnostic test is used to confirm tuberculosis (TB) infection?
- A. Chest X-ray
- B. Sputum culture
- C. Skin test (Mantoux)
- D. MRI
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The Mantoux skin test, also known as the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is used to confirm tuberculosis (TB) infection. This test involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin protein derivative under the top layer of the skin and then evaluating the immune system's response to the protein. A positive reaction indicates exposure to the TB bacteria. Chest X-rays are used to detect abnormalities in the lungs caused by TB but are not confirmatory. Sputum culture is used to identify the presence of TB bacteria in the sputum. MRIs are not typically used as a primary diagnostic tool for TB.
4. As an RN stands in line for the cafeteria cashier, he overhears the staff in front of him talking about a client the RN took care of earlier in the week. The client�s room number is mentioned along with the diagnosis and prognosis. Which of the following actions should the RN take?
- A. Join in the conversation in case the RN is assigned to care for the client in the future.
- B. Remind the staff members that they are in a public location and sharing this information is a breach of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
- C. Correct a statement made by one of the staff members.
- D. Ignore the conversation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Remind the staff members that they are in a public location and sharing this information is a breach of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
5. What is the most common psychogenic disorder among elderly individuals?
- A. Depression
- B. Sleep disturbances (e.g., bizarre dreams)
- C. Inability to concentrate
- D. Decreased appetite
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Depression is the most common psychogenic disorder among elderly individuals. It can manifest as persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. Elderly individuals may also experience changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating. Detecting and addressing depression in the elderly is crucial for their overall well-being and quality of life.
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