a nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of hypertension about lifestyle changes which of the following instructions should the nurse incl

ATI RN

ATI RN Exit Exam Test Bank

1. A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension and is being taught about lifestyle changes by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Increase your sodium intake to 3,000 mg per day.
B. Exercise for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week.
C. Sleep for at least 10 hours each night.
D. Limit your fluid intake to 1 liter per day.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Exercise for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week." Regular exercise helps promote cardiovascular health and manage hypertension. Choice A is incorrect because increasing sodium intake is not recommended for hypertension. Choice C is incorrect because while sleep is important, excessive sleep duration is not typically part of hypertension management. Choice D is incorrect because fluid intake should be adequate unless advised otherwise by a healthcare provider.

2. What is the most important intervention for a patient with suspected DVT?

A. Administer anticoagulants
B. Monitor oxygen levels
C. Apply compression stockings
D. Encourage ambulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer anticoagulants. Administering anticoagulants is crucial in the management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as it helps prevent the clot from growing larger or dislodging, potentially causing a life-threatening pulmonary embolism. While monitoring oxygen levels, applying compression stockings, and encouraging ambulation are important aspects of DVT management, administering anticoagulants is the most critical intervention to prevent further complications.

3. A client is being taught how to perform self-catheterization. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Clean the catheter with alcohol after each use.
B. Perform self-catheterization while sitting on the toilet.
C. Use a new catheter each time you perform self-catheterization.
D. Lubricate the catheter tip with petroleum jelly before insertion.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use a new catheter each time you perform self-catheterization.' It is essential to use a new, sterile catheter each time to prevent infection during the procedure. Choice A is incorrect because cleaning the catheter with alcohol may not be sufficient to prevent infection. Choice B is incorrect because self-catheterization is typically done in a clean, private area, not necessarily on the toilet. Choice D is incorrect because lubricating the catheter tip with petroleum jelly is a common practice but not as crucial as using a new catheter each time to prevent infection.

4. How should a healthcare professional assess for fluid overload in a patient with heart failure?

A. Monitor daily weight
B. Check for edema
C. Monitor blood pressure
D. Check oxygen saturation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring daily weight is the most accurate way to assess fluid overload in patients with heart failure. In heart failure, the body retains excess fluid, leading to weight gain. Monitoring daily weight allows healthcare professionals to track fluid retention accurately. Checking for edema (Choice B) is a valuable assessment technique, but it may not be as sensitive as monitoring daily weight. Monitoring blood pressure (Choice C) is essential in managing heart failure, but it is not the most accurate way to assess fluid overload. Checking oxygen saturation (Choice D) is important to assess respiratory status but is not directly related to fluid overload in heart failure.

5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning for a patient on furosemide?

A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypercalcemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is hypokalemia. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to potassium loss through increased urinary excretion, making hypokalemia the most concerning electrolyte imbalance. Hyponatremia (Choice B) is not typically associated with furosemide use. Hyperkalemia (Choice C) is less likely due to furosemide's potassium-wasting effect. Hypercalcemia (Choice D) is not a common electrolyte imbalance seen with furosemide.