Nursing Elites

1. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care. What statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will soak my feet in warm water every day
• B. I will wear slippers at all times when out of bed
• C. I will apply lotion between my toes after washing my feet
• D. I will cut my toenails straight across

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Wearing slippers or shoes at all times when out of bed is crucial for clients with diabetes mellitus to protect their feet from injury. Option A is incorrect as soaking feet in warm water can lead to dry skin, making it more susceptible to injuries. Option C is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Option D is incorrect as cutting toenails straight across is a good practice but is not directly related to preventing foot injuries in clients with diabetes.

2. A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. What food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Steamed carrots
• B. Mashed potatoes
• C. Orange slices
• D. Soft-cooked eggs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orange slices. For a client on a mechanical soft diet, foods that are difficult to chew and swallow should be avoided. Orange slices have membranes that can be challenging to consume for individuals with swallowing difficulties. Steamed carrots (Choice A) and mashed potatoes (Choice B) are typically suitable for a mechanical soft diet as they can be easily mashed or cut into smaller pieces. Soft-cooked eggs (Choice D) are also appropriate for this diet as they are soft and easy to chew.

3. A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about foot care. What is the most important instruction the nurse should include?

• A. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing
• B. Inspect feet daily for injuries
• C. Wear shoes only indoors
• D. Cut toenails in a rounded shape

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inspecting feet daily for injuries is crucial for clients with diabetes to prevent unnoticed wounds from becoming infected. This instruction is the most important as it helps in early detection and management of foot problems. Choice A is incorrect because applying lotion between the toes can lead to excessive moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Choice C is wrong as wearing shoes indoors can also lead to foot issues. Choice D is incorrect because cutting toenails in a rounded shape can result in ingrown toenails, posing a risk for infection.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. What finding indicates a catheter occlusion?

• A. Bladder distention
• B. Bladder spasms
• C. Hematuria
• D. Increased urine output

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bladder distention is the correct finding that indicates a catheter occlusion. When the catheter is occluded, urine cannot drain properly, leading to the build-up of urine in the bladder, causing distention. Bladder spasms (Choice B) are not typically associated with catheter occlusion but may indicate irritation or infection. Hematuria (Choice C) refers to blood in the urine and is not specific to catheter occlusion. Increased urine output (Choice D) is not indicative of catheter occlusion but may suggest other conditions like diabetes insipidus.

5. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing the motor skill development of a 15-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. What gross motor skill should the nurse expect?

• A. Jumps with both feet
• B. Runs with coordination
• C. Walks without assistance
• D. Kicks a ball forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 15 months, a toddler should be able to walk without assistance. Walking without assistance is a major gross motor skill milestone at this age, indicating the child's physical development and coordination. Choices A, B, and D are developmentally inappropriate for a 15-month-old. Jumping with both feet, running with coordination, and kicking a ball forward typically develop later in a child's growth and are more advanced skills compared to walking independently.

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