Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is preparing to perform a routine abdominal assessment for a client. Which action should the nurse take?

• A. Palpate the abdomen before auscultation
• B. Inspect the abdomen after palpation
• C. Auscultate before palpation
• D. Start by percussing the abdomen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to auscultate before palpation when performing an abdominal assessment. This sequence is crucial to prevent altering bowel sounds. Starting with palpation (Choice A) can lead to false interpretations of bowel sounds due to stimulation of the intestines. Inspecting the abdomen after palpation (Choice B) can also potentially alter the assessment findings. Starting with percussion (Choice D) is not recommended as it should come after auscultation to further assess underlying structures.

2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being taught breathing exercises by a nurse. What instruction should the nurse include to improve oxygenation?

• A. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
• B. Use deep breathing exercises after meals
• C. Perform diaphragmatic breathing during exercise
• D. Breathe in short, shallow breaths

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include to improve oxygenation for a client with COPD is to 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing helps improve oxygenation by slowing down the respiratory rate, reducing the work of breathing, and keeping the airways open. This technique also helps prevent the collapse of small airways during exhalation, allowing for more complete emptying of the lungs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because deep breathing exercises after meals, diaphragmatic breathing during exercise, and breathing in short, shallow breaths do not specifically target the improvement of oxygenation in individuals with COPD.

3. A nurse is planning a community education program about colorectal cancer. What risk factors should the nurse identify as modifiable?

• A. Age and gender
• B. High-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption
• C. Ethnicity and race
• D. Exposure to radiation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: High-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption. These are modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer as individuals can make lifestyle changes to reduce their risk. Age and gender (choice A) are non-modifiable risk factors. Ethnicity and race (choice C) can influence the risk of colorectal cancer but are not modifiable factors. Exposure to radiation (choice D) is not a common modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer.

4. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who reports a decrease in the effectiveness of their arthritis medication. What factor should the nurse identify as contributing to this decrease?

• A. Increased activity level
• B. Bowel inflammation
• C. Long-term use of the medication
• D. History of dehydration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bowel inflammation can reduce the absorption of oral medications, leading to decreased effectiveness. In this case, the decrease in the effectiveness of the arthritis medication could be attributed to impaired absorption due to bowel inflammation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased activity level, long-term use of the medication, and history of dehydration are not directly associated with a decrease in medication effectiveness related to absorption issues.

5. A healthcare provider is performing a cultural assessment of a group of clients to maintain respect for their value systems and beliefs. Which of the following should the provider identify as examples of cultural variables?

• A. Health literacy, income, gender
• B. Eye contact, personal space, touch
• C. Physical activity, ethnicity, eye contact
• D. Body language, facial expressions, religion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eye contact, personal space, and touch are cultural variables that can influence healthcare interactions. These factors vary across cultures and can impact how individuals perceive communication and interactions. Choices A, C, and D include elements that are not specifically cultural variables affecting communication and interactions in the same way as eye contact, personal space, and touch.

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