Nursing Elites

1. A client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery is at risk for constipation due to which behavior?

• A. Increased fiber intake
• B. Decreased fluid intake
• C. Frequent urge suppression
• D. Increased physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Postoperative clients are at risk for constipation due to various factors, including decreased fluid intake. Insufficient fluid consumption can lead to hardening of stools, making them difficult to pass. Increased fiber intake (choice A) is actually beneficial for preventing constipation as it adds bulk to the stool. Frequent urge suppression (choice C) can contribute to constipation by disrupting normal bowel habits. Increased physical activity (choice D) generally helps promote bowel movements and reduce the risk of constipation.

2. A healthcare professional is planning to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. What muscle should the healthcare professional choose to avoid injury?

• A. Deltoid
• B. Ventrogluteal
• C. Rectus femoris
• D. Dorsogluteal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ventrogluteal muscle is the preferred site for intramuscular injections to avoid injury. Choosing the ventrogluteal site reduces the risk of injury to major nerves and blood vessels, unlike the deltoid, rectus femoris, or dorsogluteal sites. The deltoid muscle is commonly used for vaccines but has a higher risk of injury due to its proximity to the radial nerve. The rectus femoris muscle is not recommended for intramuscular injections due to its location and the risk of injury. The dorsogluteal site is also not recommended as it poses a risk of injury to the sciatic nerve and superior gluteal artery.

3. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about the importance of foot care by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Cut toenails straight across
• B. Wear shoes at all times
• C. Soak feet in hot water daily
• D. Apply lotion between the toes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Wear shoes at all times.' Clients with diabetes are at a higher risk of foot complications due to poor circulation and nerve damage. Wearing shoes at all times helps protect their feet from injuries. Choice A is incorrect because toenails should be cut straight across to prevent ingrown toenails. Choice C is incorrect as soaking feet in hot water can lead to burns or skin damage, especially for those with diabetes who may have reduced sensation. Choice D is incorrect because applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections.

4. A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a group of older adult clients. Which risk factor should the nurse identify as placing older adults at an increased risk for infections?

• A. Improved nutritional status
• B. Increased mobility
• C. Chronic conditions
• D. Lowered immune function

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lowered immune function. Older adults often experience a decline in immune function as they age, making them more vulnerable to infections. This weakened immune system can result in increased susceptibility to various pathogens. Choice A, 'Improved nutritional status,' is incorrect because good nutrition can actually help support the immune system. Choice B, 'Increased mobility,' is not directly related to an increased risk of infections. Choice C, 'Chronic conditions,' while they can contribute to a weakened immune system, do not directly address the primary risk factor for infections in older adults.

5. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing the motor skill development of a 15-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. What gross motor skill should the nurse expect?

• A. Jumps with both feet
• B. Runs with coordination
• C. Walks without assistance
• D. Kicks a ball forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 15 months, a toddler should be able to walk without assistance. Walking without assistance is a major gross motor skill milestone at this age, indicating the child's physical development and coordination. Choices A, B, and D are developmentally inappropriate for a 15-month-old. Jumping with both feet, running with coordination, and kicking a ball forward typically develop later in a child's growth and are more advanced skills compared to walking independently.

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