Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. The client refuses to remove a religious medal. What is the nurse's best response?

• A. Ask the family to remove the medal
• B. Place the medal in a safe place for the client
• C. Allow the client to keep the medal during surgery
• D. Inform the client that the medal must be removed

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to allow the client to keep the medal during surgery. Clients may retain religious medals or jewelry during surgery if it does not interfere with the procedure. Asking the family to remove the medal (Choice A) may not be respecting the client's wishes. Placing the medal in a safe place for the client (Choice B) may cause distress to the client who wants to keep it. Informing the client that the medal must be removed (Choice D) disregards the client's beliefs and preferences.

2. Which personality disorder is characterized by disregard for others and manipulative behaviors?

• A. Borderline Personality Disorder
• B. Antisocial Personality Disorder
• C. Histrionic Personality Disorder
• D. Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Antisocial Personality Disorder is the correct answer. This disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Individuals with this disorder often display behaviors such as manipulation, exploitation, and a lack of empathy. Choice A, Borderline Personality Disorder, is characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. Choice C, Histrionic Personality Disorder, is characterized by attention-seeking behavior and excessive emotions. Choice D, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.

3. A client who is 97 years old has successfully been treated for heart failure and is found not breathing. There is no DNR order in place. What should the nurse do?

• A. Notify the family and await further instructions.
• B. Initiate CPR and call for emergency assistance.
• C. Allow the family to make decisions about care.
• D. Follow the family's wishes and perform no interventions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, with no DNR order in place and the client not breathing, the nurse should initiate CPR and call for emergency assistance. Option A is incorrect as immediate action is required in the absence of breathing. Option C is incorrect as the nurse should act promptly to provide life-saving measures. Option D is incorrect because the nurse's primary duty is to provide care in the absence of a directive preventing intervention.

4. What are the signs of infection that should be monitored in a postoperative patient?

• A. Fever and chills
• B. All of the above
• C. Increased pain or tenderness
• D. Redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site.' These are specific signs of infection at the surgical site that a nurse should monitor for in a postoperative patient. While fever, chills, and increased pain can also indicate infection, the most direct signs are redness, swelling, and warmth at the surgical site. Therefore, 'D' is the best choice as it directly relates to the site of the surgery and is crucial to monitor for potential postoperative infections.

5. A client complains of pain in the leg while in skeletal traction. What is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Increase the pain medication immediately
• B. Check for signs of infection
• C. Reposition the client's leg for comfort
• D. Notify the physician of the client's complaints

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check for signs of infection. In skeletal traction, the priority action for the nurse when a client complains of pain in the leg is to first assess for signs of infection. Pain in skeletal traction can be a symptom of infection or other complications, so checking for signs of infection is crucial before considering other interventions. Increasing pain medication immediately (Choice A) may mask the symptoms of an underlying infection. Repositioning the client's leg for comfort (Choice C) may provide temporary relief but does not address the potential underlying issue. Notifying the physician of the client's complaints (Choice D) is important but assessing for infection should come first to ensure timely and appropriate intervention.

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