Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is planning to teach a client about a low-potassium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Butter
• B. Poultry
• C. Yogurt
• D. Orange juice

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Orange juice is high in potassium and should be avoided in a low-potassium diet. Butter, poultry, and yogurt are low-potassium food choices and can be included in a low-potassium diet. Poultry is a good source of lean protein, yogurt is a good source of calcium and protein, and butter is low in potassium. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid orange juice as it is high in potassium, which is not suitable for a low-potassium diet.

2. When assessing for criteria that signify malnutrition risk, which element would most likely be included as part of the functional assessment data?

• A. severity of illness
• B. presence of pressure sores
• C. localized edema
• D. generalized weakness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Generalized weakness is a key indicator of malnutrition and is often assessed as part of functional status, reflecting muscle wasting and reduced physical function. The other choices, such as severity of illness, presence of pressure sores, and localized edema, are important factors to consider in a clinical assessment but are not primarily indicative of malnutrition risk. Generalized weakness directly relates to the functional impact of malnutrition on physical performance.

3. Can soluble fibers be fermented by gut bacteria?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Soluble fibers can indeed be fermented by gut bacteria in the large intestine, leading to the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids. This fermentation process is important for gut health and provides various health benefits. Therefore, the statement is true. Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the known scientific fact that soluble fibers can be broken down by gut bacteria through fermentation.

4. What is the priority nursing goal for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa?

• A. Encourage effective coping skills
• B. Restore normal eating habits
• C. Stop weight loss or restore weight
• D. Promote realistic self-image

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The priority nursing goal for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa is to stop weight loss or restore weight. This is crucial in addressing the immediate health risks associated with anorexia nervosa, such as malnutrition, organ damage, and potential life-threatening complications. While encouraging effective coping skills, restoring normal eating habits, and promoting a realistic self-image are important aspects of treatment, stopping weight loss or restoring weight takes precedence due to the severe physical consequences of anorexia nervosa.

5. Each of the following is a function of vitamin A, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Prevention of night blindness
• B. Growth of soft tissues and bone
• C. Maintenance of more than 200 genes
• D. Integrity of body openings and their linings

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Maintenance of more than 200 genes is not a function of vitamin A; instead, it is a function of Vitamin D. Vitamin A plays a crucial role in the prevention of night blindness by aiding in the production of the visual pigment rhodopsin. It also supports the growth of soft tissues and bone, as well as the integrity of body openings and their linings. Choice C is incorrect because the maintenance of genes is primarily associated with Vitamin D, not Vitamin A.

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