Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is planning to teach a client about a low-potassium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Butter
• B. Poultry
• C. Yogurt
• D. Orange juice

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Orange juice is high in potassium and should be avoided in a low-potassium diet. Butter, poultry, and yogurt are low-potassium food choices and can be included in a low-potassium diet. Poultry is a good source of lean protein, yogurt is a good source of calcium and protein, and butter is low in potassium. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid orange juice as it is high in potassium, which is not suitable for a low-potassium diet.

2. A factor contributing to the risk for dehydration in the older adult is that _____.

• A. drinking fluids causes loss of bladder control
• B. older adults do not seem to notice mouth dryness as readily as younger people
• C. increased fluid intake will decrease the intake of nutrient-dense foods
• D. changes in intestinal motility contribute to excess fluid loss

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Older adults may not notice mouth dryness as readily as younger individuals, increasing their risk for dehydration, especially if they do not consciously increase fluid intake.

3. A client is being prepared for placement of a catheter for total parenteral nutrition. Which of the following access sites should be planned for catheter insertion?

• A. Left antecubital vein
• B. Right subclavian vein
• C. Right femoral artery
• D. Left arm radial artery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Right subclavian vein. When preparing a client for placement of a catheter for total parenteral nutrition, the preferred access site for catheter insertion is the subclavian vein due to its large size, central location, and lower risk of infection compared to peripheral veins. The other options provided (Left antecubital vein, Right femoral artery, and Left arm radial artery) are not suitable access sites for central venous catheter insertion for total parenteral nutrition.

4. What dietary strategy would most likely be used as part of lifestyle management to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?

• A. Avoid foods that contain polyunsaturated fat
• B. Limit saturated fat to less than 10 percent of total calories
• C. Limit alcohol intake to one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men
• D. Avoid consumption of fish and shellfish

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Limiting alcohol intake is part of a strategy to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by avoiding the negative cardiovascular effects associated with excessive alcohol consumption.

5. A client with a history of pancreatitis is being taught by a nurse. Which of the following food choices should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Noodles
• B. Vegetable Soup
• C. Baked Fish
• D. Cheddar cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Patients with pancreatitis should avoid high-fat foods like cheddar cheese as they can exacerbate symptoms due to the organ's role in fat digestion. Noodles, vegetable soup, and baked fish are generally considered to be lower in fat content and are thus safer choices for individuals with pancreatitis.

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