ATI RN
ATI Leadership Proctored Exam 2019 Quizlet
1. A nurse is planning care of an adolescent who is postoperative following a lumbar laminectomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Limit the adolescent's visitors.
- B. Select the adolescent's food choices.
- C. Encourage the adolescent's guardian to assist with personal hygiene.
- D. Allow the adolescent to make decisions regarding their daily routine.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because after a lumbar laminectomy, the adolescent may need assistance with personal hygiene due to limited mobility and pain. Encouraging the guardian to assist with personal hygiene ensures proper care and prevents complications. Choice A is incorrect as limiting visitors may affect the adolescent's emotional well-being and support system. Choice B is incorrect as the adolescent should have autonomy in selecting their food choices as long as they align with their dietary restrictions post-surgery. Choice D is incorrect as the adolescent may need guidance and support in decision-making during the postoperative period.
2. A healthcare professional is administering 1 L of 0.9% sodium chloride to a client who is postoperative and has fluid volume deficit. Which of the following changes should the healthcare professional identify as an indication that the treatment was successful?
- A. Increase in hematocrit
- B. Increase in respiratory rate
- C. Decrease in heart rate
- D. Decrease in capillary refill time
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in capillary refill time. In a client with fluid volume deficit, improving capillary refill time indicates that the perfusion status is improving due to the increase in fluid volume. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. An increase in hematocrit may indicate hemoconcentration due to fluid loss, an increase in respiratory rate may suggest respiratory distress, and a decrease in heart rate may not be directly related to fluid volume status.
3. When educating a client with a new prescription for albuterol, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Use the inhaler every 4 hours.
- B. Shake the inhaler before use.
- C. Take a deep breath before inhaling the medication.
- D. Use a spacer when using the inhaler.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Shaking the albuterol inhaler before use is essential to ensure that the medication is evenly mixed and properly delivered when inhaled. This maximizes the effectiveness of the medication in opening the airways and relieving symptoms of bronchospasm.
4. What are direct effects of antibodies? (Select all that apply):
- A. Neutralization
- B. Agglutination
- C. Precipitation
- D. Phagocytosis
Correct answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The direct effects of antibodies include neutralization, agglutination, and precipitation. Antibodies neutralize pathogens by binding to them and preventing their harmful effects. Agglutination involves the clumping together of pathogens, making it easier for phagocytes to engulf them. Precipitation refers to the process where antibodies bind to soluble antigens, forming large complexes that are easily removed from the body. Phagocytosis, on the other hand, is an indirect effect of antibodies where phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens opsonized by antibodies, not a direct effect.
5. A healthcare professional is auscultating the lungs of a client who has pleurisy. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should the professional expect to hear?
- A. Loud, scratchy sounds
- B. Squeaky, musical sounds
- C. Popping sounds
- D. Snoring sounds
Correct answer: Loud, scratchy sounds
Rationale: When auscultating the lungs of a client with pleurisy, the healthcare professional should expect to hear loud, scratchy sounds. These sounds are characteristic of pleurisy, which is an inflammation of the pleura, causing a rough, grating sound during breathing.
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