Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer multiple medications to a client with dysphagia. What action should the healthcare professional take?

• A. Offer the medications with a full glass of water
• B. Crush the medications and mix them together
• C. Provide the medications through a straw
• D. Mix the medications with applesauce

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Clients with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing, so providing medications through a straw can help control the flow and prevent aspiration. Offering medications with a full glass of water (Choice A) may increase the risk of aspiration. Crushing medications and mixing them together (Choice B) can alter the medication's effectiveness or cause adverse effects. Mixing medications with applesauce (Choice D) may also present a choking hazard for clients with dysphagia.

2. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension. What lifestyle modification should the nurse emphasize?

• A. Decrease potassium intake
• B. Increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day
• C. Avoid foods high in calcium
• D. Increase sodium intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct lifestyle modification that the nurse should emphasize for a client with hypertension is to increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day. Proper hydration helps manage hypertension by supporting kidney function in regulating blood pressure and by diluting sodium levels in the body. Decreasing potassium intake (Choice A) is not recommended, as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables are beneficial for blood pressure control. Avoiding foods high in calcium (Choice C) is not directly related to managing hypertension, and increasing sodium intake (Choice D) is contraindicated as excess sodium can elevate blood pressure.

3. A client is reviewing a medical record for advance directives. Which client statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I don't need a living will because my family will make decisions.
• B. My living will takes effect only if I lose consciousness.
• C. My family will decide when to follow my living will.
• D. I can change my living will at any time.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients can change their living will at any time as long as they are mentally competent. Choice A is incorrect because relying solely on family to make decisions may not align with the client's wishes. Choice B is incorrect because a living will can address various situations, not just loss of consciousness. Choice C is incorrect because the client should be the primary decision-maker regarding their living will, not the family.

4. A client has a new prescription for a cane. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Hold the cane on the weaker side
• B. Ensure the cane has a rubber tip
• C. Keep the cane on the dominant side
• D. Use the cane only on stairs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure the cane has a rubber tip.' This instruction is essential for safety as the rubber tip prevents slipping, providing stability. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be held on the stronger side to provide better support and balance. Choice C is incorrect as the cane should be used on the stronger, more dominant side. Choice D is also incorrect as a cane is not only used on stairs but also for general support and mobility.

5. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing the motor skill development of a 15-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. What gross motor skill should the nurse expect?

• A. Jumps with both feet
• B. Runs with coordination
• C. Walks without assistance
• D. Kicks a ball forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 15 months, a toddler should be able to walk without assistance. Walking without assistance is a major gross motor skill milestone at this age, indicating the child's physical development and coordination. Choices A, B, and D are developmentally inappropriate for a 15-month-old. Jumping with both feet, running with coordination, and kicking a ball forward typically develop later in a child's growth and are more advanced skills compared to walking independently.

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