ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is having a subclavian central venous catheter inserted. The client begins to report chest pain and difficulty breathing. After administering oxygen, which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Administer a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet
- B. Prepare to assist with chest tube insertion.
- C. . Place a sterile dressing over the IV site
- D. Re-position the client into the Trendelenburg position.
Correct answer: B
Rationale:
2. The baroreceptors, located in the left atrium and in the carotid and aortic arches, respond to changes in the circulating blood volume and regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity as well as endocrine activities. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, causing what effect?
- A. Decrease in the release of aldosterone
- B. Increase of filtration in the Loop of Henle
- C. Decrease in the reabsorption of sodium
- D. Decrease in glomerular filtration
Correct answer: D
Rationale:
3. Under normal circumstances, the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss. Which organ provides the second greatest means of water loss?
- A. Skin
- B. Lungs
- C. Intestines
- D. Muscles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin. After the kidneys, the skin is the second largest route of water loss through perspiration. Choice B, Lungs, is incorrect as the lungs primarily exchange gases and do not play a significant role in water loss. Choice C, Intestines, is also incorrect as water loss through the intestines is minimal since most water is reabsorbed during digestion. Choice D, Muscles, is incorrect as muscles are not a major source of water loss in the body.
4. A patient who is being treated for pneumonia starts complaining of sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect?
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory alkalosis
- D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale:
5. What is the fluid inside the cell called?
- A. Plasma
- B. Intracellular fluid
- C. Interstitial fluid
- D. Plasma and intracellular fluid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Intracellular fluid.' Intracellular fluid refers to the fluid contained within the cells, constituting a significant portion of the body's total water content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Plasma is the liquid component of blood outside the cells, interstitial fluid is the fluid surrounding cells in tissues, and the combination of plasma and intracellular fluid is not the specific term for the fluid inside the cell.
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