Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following findings indicates that the catheter requires irrigation?

• A. Urine is positive for ketones
• B. Urine has an unusual odor
• C. Urine specific gravity is 1.035 (normal range: 1.010 to 1.025)
• D. Bladder scan shows 525 mL of urine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Ketones in the urine may indicate infection or blockage in the urinary catheter, necessitating irrigation to ensure proper drainage. Choice B, an unusual odor in the urine, may suggest infection but does not directly indicate the need for catheter irrigation. Choice C, a high urine specific gravity, is indicative of concentrated urine but does not specifically point to the need for catheter irrigation. Choice D, a bladder scan showing 525 mL of urine, indicates urine retention, which may require catheterization or further assessment but not necessarily irrigation.

2. Which of the following best describes the purpose of benchmarking in healthcare?

• A. To compare performance metrics across organizations
• B. To identify best practices and implement them
• C. To ensure compliance with standards
• D. To develop new clinical guidelines

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To identify best practices and implement them.' Benchmarking in healthcare aims to compare performance metrics across organizations to identify the most effective practices and implement them. This helps healthcare providers improve their performance and outcomes by adopting proven successful strategies. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while benchmarking may involve comparing performance metrics and ensuring standards compliance, its primary purpose is to identify and implement best practices.

3. What is a common barrier to effective delegation?

• A. Lack of trust in team members
• B. Lack of communication
• C. Inadequate training
• D. Lack of resources

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One of the common barriers to effective delegation is a lack of trust in team members. Delegating tasks involves entrusting responsibilities to others, and without trust in the team members' capabilities, the delegator may struggle to effectively assign tasks. Trust is essential for successful delegation as it allows for empowerment and accountability within the team. While lack of communication is crucial for effective delegation, the lack of trust has a more profound impact as it directly affects the ability to delegate tasks. Inadequate training and lack of resources, although important factors, are not as fundamental as trust in team members when it comes to effective delegation.

4. How has advanced technology in health care, such as integrated health records, benefited nurses?

• A. Skip the assessment step of the nursing process
• B. Order medications
• C. Take blood samples
• D. Track patients' vital signs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Advanced technology in health care, like integrated health records, has enabled nurses to efficiently track patients' vital signs. This capability helps nurses monitor patients' health status closely and make informed decisions regarding their care. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because technology does not replace the vital role of nurses in conducting assessments, ordering medications (typically done by prescribers), or collecting blood samples.

5. The Hawthorne effect explains that the relationship between people and productivity is enhanced by which of the following?

• A. Special attention
• B. Organizations
• C. Creativity
• D. Groups

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Hawthorne effect is a term used to describe how people modify their behavior in response to the attention they are receiving rather than the manipulation of variables. Special attention, as mentioned in choice A, is the correct answer because when individuals feel that they are being closely monitored or that special interest is being taken in them, they tend to perform better or change their behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Hawthorne effect specifically focuses on the impact of attention and not on organizational structures, creativity, or group dynamics.

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