a nurse is caring for a client following the surgical placement of a colostomy which of the following statements indicates the client understands the

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ATI Nutrition

1. A client who underwent surgical placement of a colostomy is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the dietary teaching?

A. "Eating yogurt can help decrease the amount of gas that I have."?
B. "I should eliminate pasta from my diet so that I don't have as many loose stools."?
C. "My largest meal of the day should be in the evening."?
D. "Carbonated beverages can help control odor."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbonated beverages can help control odor in clients with colostomies. This is because carbonated drinks can help decrease odor by reducing the production of odoriferous compounds in the colon. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Eating yogurt may help regulate bowel movements but does not specifically address odor control associated with colostomies. Eliminating pasta from the diet to reduce loose stools is not necessary for colostomy care. The timing of the largest meal of the day is not directly related to dietary teaching for colostomy care.

2. The nurse is completing a nutritional assessment on a client. Which statement made by the client is most concerning to the nurse?

A. "I notice when I take a vitamin E supplement, I bruise more easily."
B. "I work nights and rarely go outside during the day."
C. "I take warfarin, so I need to limit the amount of green leafy vegetables I eat."
D. "My vitamin supplement has the recommended daily allowance of vitamin A."

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Excessive intake of vitamin E can increase the risk of bleeding as it acts as a blood thinner. Bruising easily may indicate too much vitamin E. Choice B is not as concerning as it describes a lifestyle that may lead to vitamin D deficiency due to lack of sunlight exposure. Choice C shows awareness of the interaction between warfarin and vitamin K, which is expected. Choice D indicates knowledge of the vitamin A content in the supplement, which is not a cause for concern.

3. What physiologic role does calcium play in the body?

A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation.' Calcium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, membrane permeability, and activation of certain enzymes. Choice B is incorrect because while calcium is involved in calcium homeostasis, it is not the only role it plays in the body. Choice C is incorrect as calcium indeed has several known metabolic functions, and it is not solely for preventing caries. Choice D is also incorrect as the functions mentioned are primarily carried out by other nutrients and not specifically by calcium.

4. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?

A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.

5. A client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is being taught by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Limit high-calorie supplements to between meals
B. Avoid overeating during your 'good' days
C. Eat hot foods instead of cold foods
D. Consume nutrient-dense foods first

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is to consume nutrient-dense foods first. This ensures that the client receives the necessary calories and nutrients. Option A is incorrect because high-calorie supplements should not be limited but rather incorporated wisely into the diet. Option B is incorrect as overeating is not recommended regardless of the type of day. Option C is incorrect as there is no specific preference for hot foods over cold foods in managing anorexia during radiation therapy.