ATI RN
ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical Online Practice 2023 A
1. During an assessment of the respiratory pattern of an older adult client receiving end-of-life care, which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
- A. Breathing ranging from very deep to very shallow with periods of apnea
- B. Shallow to normal breaths alternating with periods of apnea
- C. Rapid respirations that are unusually deep and regular
- D. An inability to breathe without dyspnea unless sitting upright
Correct answer: Breathing ranging from very deep to very shallow with periods of apnea
Rationale: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by a pattern of breathing that ranges from very deep to very shallow with periods of apnea (temporary cessation of breathing). This pattern is often seen in clients near the end of life or with certain medical conditions affecting the respiratory control center in the brain. The alternating deep and shallow breaths can be distressing for both the client and caregivers. It is crucial for the nurse to recognize this pattern to provide appropriate care and support to the client and their family during this challenging time.
2. When educating a client with a new prescription for Omeprazole to manage GERD, which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication before meals.
- B. You may need to take this medication for a long time.
- C. Increase your intake of vitamin C while taking this medication.
- D. Expect immediate relief of symptoms.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to take the medication before meals. Omeprazole should be taken before meals to ensure its effectiveness in reducing stomach acid production. This timing allows the medication to work on reducing acid secretion when the stomach is most actively producing it, leading to better control of symptoms. Choice B is incorrect because not all patients with GERD need to take Omeprazole for the rest of their lives; the duration of treatment varies. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific recommendation to increase vitamin C intake while taking Omeprazole. Choice D is incorrect because Omeprazole may take a few days to start providing symptom relief, so immediate relief should not be expected.
3. Which food should be introduced first to a 6-month-old infant?
- A. Fruits
- B. Eggs
- C. Vegetables
- D. Meat
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Vegetables, particularly pureed ones, are often recommended as a first solid food for infants because they are easy to digest and less likely to cause allergies. Fruits can be introduced later due to their natural sweetness, while eggs and meat are typically introduced after fruits and vegetables as they may pose a higher risk of allergies.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of aspiration?
- A. Position the client supine during feedings.
- B. Administer the feedings over 10 minutes.
- C. Elevate the head of the bed during feedings.
- D. Place the client in a lateral position after feedings.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to reduce the risk of aspiration in clients receiving enteral feedings is to elevate the head of the bed during feedings. This position helps prevent regurgitation and aspiration of the feeding. Positioning the client supine (Choice A) increases the risk of aspiration as it promotes reflux. Administering feedings over 10 minutes (Choice B) does not directly reduce the risk of aspiration. Placing the client in a lateral position after feedings (Choice D) does not address the risk of aspiration during the feeding process.
5. Which of the following is a key principle of the patient-centered care model?
- A. Healthcare provider satisfaction
- B. Cost reduction
- C. Patient autonomy
- D. Provider convenience
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient autonomy. Patient-centered care focuses on respecting and responding to patient preferences and needs, making patient autonomy a key principle. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the patient-centered care model prioritizes the patient's well-being and involvement in decision-making over healthcare provider satisfaction, cost reduction, or provider convenience.
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