ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam
1. A healthcare professional is assessing a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of this disease?
- A. Asymmetrical joint involvement
- B. Heberden's nodes
- C. Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- D. Pain that worsens with activity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes is a hallmark symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. This prolonged morning stiffness is typically a distinguishing feature of rheumatoid arthritis compared to other types of arthritis, making it the most characteristic assessment finding for this disease.
2. A client is undergoing chemotherapy and expresses concern about hair loss. What is the best response?
- A. Reassure the client that hair loss is not permanent.
- B. Provide resources for wigs or hairpieces.
- C. Encourage the client to cut their hair short in advance.
- D. Advise the client that chemotherapy causes temporary hair loss.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The best response when a client undergoing chemotherapy expresses concern about hair loss is to advise them that chemotherapy causes temporary hair loss. This response provides accurate information to the client about the side effect they are experiencing. Choice A is incorrect because it may provide false reassurance as for some individuals, hair loss can be a challenging experience. Choice B is not the best initial response as addressing the client's concerns and providing information should come first. Choice C is not the most appropriate response as cutting hair short may not necessarily prevent hair loss and does not address the client's concerns about the temporary nature of chemotherapy-induced hair loss.
3. A client with a UTI and a history of recurrent infections asks why the provider has not yet prescribed an antibiotic. The nurse should explain that the provider has to wait for the results of which of the following laboratory tests to identify which antibiotic to prescribe?
- A. Gram stain
- B. Culture
- C. Sensitivity
- D. Specific gravity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In the case of a UTI, a sensitivity test is crucial as it identifies the most effective antibiotic to target the specific microorganism causing the infection. This test helps in prescribing the appropriate antibiotic for successful treatment and preventing antibiotic resistance. While a Gram stain and culture are important in diagnosing a UTI, the sensitivity test specifically determines the most suitable antibiotic. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is not related to identifying the appropriate antibiotic for a UTI.
4. Which is a primary focus of health promotion activities?
- A. Preventing the onset of disease
- B. Detecting diseases early to improve outcomes
- C. Managing chronic conditions to improve quality of life
- D. Providing treatment for existing health conditions
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preventing the onset of disease. Health promotion activities aim to prevent the occurrence of diseases by promoting healthy behaviors and creating supportive environments. By encouraging preventive measures such as vaccination, healthy eating, regular exercise, and stress management, individuals can reduce their risk of developing various illnesses. Detecting diseases early (choice B) focuses more on screening and early diagnosis rather than prevention. Managing chronic conditions (choice C) and providing treatment for existing health conditions (choice D) are important aspects of healthcare but are not the primary focus of health promotion activities, which emphasize disease prevention.
5. A client has a new prescription for atenolol. Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to monitor for as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Hypertension
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: Bradycardia.' Atenolol, a beta-blocker, commonly causes bradycardia as an adverse effect. It works by slowing down the heart rate, which can lead to a decreased heart rate known as bradycardia. Monitoring for signs of bradycardia is essential to prevent any potential complications while on atenolol. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because atenolol is not known to cause tachycardia, hypoglycemia, or hypertension as common adverse effects.
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